从实验研究到设计研究:打通教育理论与教育实践的中间环节

From Experimental Research to Design-based Research:Opening up the Intermediate link Between Educational Theory and Practice

教育研究方法领域一直比较稳定,很少也很难出现一种新的研究方法或方法论,设计研究算是一个例外。国外的教育设计研究兴起于1992年,受之影响,中国教育界在2005年前后也兴起设计研究。尽管设计研究与行动研究存在很多共同的特点,都强调参与、改进、研究过程的迭代循环,但教育设计研究至少在三个地方弥补了教育行动研究的不足:一是设计研究更重视“计划-行动-评价”中有关“计划”的设计,尤其重视人工智能以及与之相关的教育技术学在设计中的作用;二是设计研究不仅重视教育实践的改进,同时也重视教育理论“验证”。也因此,教育设计研究强调理论研究者与实践工作者的“深度合作”;三是设计研究不仅将“设计”贯穿于“计划-行动-评价”中的每一个环节,不仅强调有设计的计划,同时也重视有设计的“行动”和有设计的“评价”。设计研究的未来发展主要有三个方向:一是从工艺设计或设计学那里汲取灵感,重视设计研究的“设计感”;二是保持实验研究的基本精神;三是立足于教育技术学与学习科学的整合,强化“教学设计”。

The field of educational research methods has always been relatively stable,and it is rare and difficult to have a new research method or methodology.Design-based research is an exception.Foreign educational design-based research rose in 1992.Influenced by it,design-based research sprang up in China around 2005.Although design-based research and action research have a lot of common characteristics such as emphasizing the participation,improvement and iterative cycle of research process,educational design-based research has made up for the shortcomings of educational action research with at least three characteristics.First,design-based research pays more attention to the design of"plan"in the"plan-action-evaluation"process,especially the role of artificial intelligence and related educational technology in design.Second,design-based research not only attaches importance to the improvement of educational practice,but also attaches importance to the"verification"of educational theory.Therefore,educational design-based research emphasizes the"deep cooperation"between researchers and practitioners.Third,the design-based research not only penetrates"design"into every step of the"plan-action-evaluation"process,but also emphasizes the"design-based plan",and also attaches importance to"design-based action"and"design-based evaluation".There are three main directions for the future development of design-based research:first,draw inspiration from arts and crafts design or design discipline,and attach importance to the"sense of design"of design-based research;Second,maintain the basic spirit of experimental research;the third is to strengthen"teaching design"based on the integration of educational technology and learning science.