走向差异化的劳动教育:家庭背景、学校区位与青少年的家务劳动参与

Towards Differentiated Labor Education:Family Background,School Location,and Adolescents’Participation in Housework

在强化劳动教育和“双减”政策背景下,基于中国教育追踪调查2013-2014学年基线数据,探讨了家庭背景和学校区位对初中生假期与平时家务劳动参与的影响。研究发现父母学历、职业和家庭经济条件等家庭背景越好,学生家务劳动参与越少;家庭背景能减小学生家务劳动参与的性别与户籍差异;来自东部或城区学校的学生家务劳动参与更少。学生时间使用的异质性结果表明,家务劳动参与的差异体现了家庭结构逻辑下青少年校外再生产的不平等。因而应实施差异化的青少年家务劳动教育:重点指向优势家庭、东部和城区学校的学生,以多元教育形式培育其参与家务劳动的习惯;对于普通家庭、中西部和非城区学校的学生,应强化家务劳动的“教育”意涵,培育他们特有的文化资本。学校应强调家务劳动的时代价值,为家庭劳动教育提供差异化支持,开发具有地域特征的劳动教育课程体系。

With the background of strengthening labor Education and the"double reduction"policy,based on the CEPS 2013-2014,this paper explores the impact of family background and school location on junior middle school students’housework participation.The results show that students from better family backgrounds participate less in housework,and the family background can reduce gender and household registration differences in students’participation in housework.Students from eastern areas and urban schools are less involved in housework.The heterogeneity of housework participation reflects the inequality of outof-school reproduction of adolescents under the logic of family structure.To strengthen the labor education represented by housework for adolescents,we should pay attention to these differences,focus on the students with better family backgrounds,from eastern areas and urban schools,and cultivate their habits of participating in housework with diversified forms of education for them.For the students with ordinary family backgrounds,and from central and western areas,and non-urban schools,we should strengthen the educational implication of doing housework,and cultivate their unique cultural capital.Schools should emphasize the value of housework,provide differentiated support for labor education of different families,and develop a curriculum system of labor education with regional characteristics.