以“五育融合”重塑教育的完整性

Reshaping the Integrity of Education:Regulate the Priority Order of Educational Interests with"Integration Education"

“五育一体,身心和谐”是教育产生之初的人格向往,直指教育发展的完整性。伴随职业分工和社会规模扩张,“学校”作为制度化的教育机构,形成了一套层次分明的分科教育体系,并进一步异化,分解了教育的完整性,使“五育”割裂。透析教育完整性的分解逻辑发现,教育等级秩序源于教育产权冲突。从教育利益普惠到利益分配强权的演进是教育由整体走向分裂的原因,也造成了教育治理中的“囚徒困境”,引发教育竞争焦虑。重塑教育完整性,必须重新规范诸多教育利益的分配秩序。“五育融合”蕴含的共育共生共享理念是平衡教育利益、缓解教育内卷的重要路径。规范教育利益优先秩序,应遵循“五育融合”均衡互惠的价值立场、调和功利主义与人文主义的认知,通过个体、学校、社会多元融合,构建由分裂走向完整的教育回归路径。

"Harmony of body and mind"is the personality yearning at the beginning of education,and it directly refers to the integrity of education development.With the expansion of the social scale,the"school"as an institutionalized educational institution has formed a set of hierarchically divided education system,which has been further alienated,decomposing the integrity of education,and splitting the"five education".However,analysing the decomposition logic of education as a whole finds that the order of educational levels originates from the distribution of benefits.The evolution from the inclusive of educational benefits to the power of distribution of benefits is the reason that education has moved from the whole to the split,and it has also caused the"prisoner’s dilemma"in education governance,which has caused anxiety in education competition.It can be seen from this that to reshape the integrity of education,we should first standardize the order of educational benefit distribution.The concept of coeducation and symbiosis contained in the"integration education"is an important way to balance the interests of education and alleviate the internal problems of education.Therefore,to standardize the priority order of educational interests,we should follow the balanced and mutually beneficial value position of"integration education",reconcile utilitarianism and humanism,and construct a path of educational return from division to integration through the integration of individuals,schools,and society.