有机磷神经性毒剂中毒溯源现场快速检测技术研究进展

Research progress of the retrospective detection of organophosphorus nerve agent exposure using point-of-care testing technique

有机磷神经性毒剂(OPNA)是一类速杀性化学战剂,人员中毒后通过溯源检测来确定OPNA种类和剂量对于毒剂使用指证和人员救治非常重要。当前大部分溯源检测方法灵敏度高、特异性好,但因依赖大型设备限于实验室,不便于现场检测。随着现场快速检测(POCT)技术的发展和新识别分子的开发,大量OPNA中毒溯源现场检测技术被建立和应用。本文主要基于胆碱酯酶活性抑制、特异性识别和直接生化反应原理从3方面分析总结了OPNA中毒溯源POCT技术的研究进展和应用,展望了其未来发展趋势。

Organophosphorus nerve agent(OPNA)is a kind of strongly lethal chemical warfare agent.After exposure to OPNA,it is critical for the medical treatment and verification to detect retrospectively of both the type and dose of OPNA exposure from the biomedical samples.The off-site measurement methods exhibit high sensitivity and specificity but depend on the large-scale instruments,being unavailable for the on-site detection.The numerous on-site detection technologies of OPNA exposure have been established and applied with the advance of point-of-care testing(POCT)technology and development of new recognition molecules.In this paper,we summarized the research progress of the retrospective detection of OPNA exposure using point-of-care testing technologies from three aspects of the cholinesterase activity inhibition,specific recognition and direct biochemical reaction.And we also discussed its future development trend.