友岸外包:拜登政府产业外交新思想

Friend-shoring:The New Thought of America's Industrial Diplomacy

2022年4月13日,美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦在大西洋理事会发表演讲,大力倡导美国应和“值得信赖的国家”开展所谓“友岸外包”(friend-shoring),以在新冠疫情和大国竞争的双重背景下确保供应链安全。通常而言,财政部长是美国内外经济政策最核心的制定者,耶伦在演讲中为友岸外包这一明显带有地缘经济色彩的新概念公开背书,预示着这一概念正在成为支配拜登政府经济外交,特别是产业外交的思想指引。而以友岸外包为核心宗旨的国际产业外交,配合以“在岸生产”(onshoring)为目标的国内产业政策,共同构成了拜登政府产业战略的两大基本支柱。这标志着美国的经济理念(economic ideology)正在经历自20世纪70年代以来最重要的转型。

"Friend-shoring"is becoming the ideological foundation that governs the economic diplomacy of the Biden administration.In recent years,the intensification of strategic competition among major powers has prompted the U.S.to give greater consideration to supply chain security.It is based on preventing the risks of a single source of supply to reduce industrial dependence on a single country,especially a rival country.Under the slogan of"build supply chain resilience,"the administration is promoting international industrial alliances at the bilateral,regional,and global levels to preserve U.S.industrial hegemony and contain the economic rise of China.