中国知识产权对外转让安全审查机制的问题剖析与优化之策

Problem Analysis and Optimization Policy of the Security Review Mechanism for Foreign Transfer of Intellectual Property in China

随着新时代知识产权“国家安全属性”的日益凸显,维护知识产权领域的国家安全成为国际经贸活动的基本底线,基于国家安全而开展的知识产权对外转让审查成为中国科技创新领域的重点要求。TRIPS协定“知识产权安全例外条款”和中国产业创新发展需求为该机制的运行提供法律和实践依据。但中国的知识产权对外转让安全审查机制仍处于探索试行阶段,在制度性质、审查内容、程序设计以及法律责任等方面的规定不尽成熟。有必要明确其“市场补充机制”的法律定位,厘清技术出口管制与知识产权安全审查部门之间的职权关系,并通过构建中国关键核心技术知识产权数据库与备案监管机制、统一审查标准、明确法律责任等路径,保障该机制顺畅实施,充分发挥其应有功能。

With the increasingly prominent“national security attribute”of intellectual property in the new era,safeguarding national security in the field of intellectual property has become the basic bottom line of international economic and trade activities,and the review mechanism for foreign transfer of intellectual property based on national security has become an inevitable requirement for the implementation of policy in the field of technological innovation in China.“Intellectual Property Security Exception clause”in TRIPS and the needs of China s industrial innovation fields provide a legal and practical basis for the operation of this mechanism.However,the security review of intellectual property rights transfer is still in the exploration and trial stage in China,and the provisions on the review content,procedural design and legal responsibility are not mature.To this,it is necessary to clarify its“market supplement mechanism”legal positioning,clarify the technology export control and intellectual property rights security review functions and powers,and through building our database about intellectual property rights of key core technologies and the mechanism of filing and supervision,unified review standards,clear legal responsibility,ensure the smooth implementation of the mechanism,give full play to its due function.