中国铜资源保供需要关注的三个问题

Three Problems Need to be Concerned Regarding China’s Copper Resource Supply Guarantee

我国铜矿资源禀赋较差,对外依存度持续多年超过70%。“双碳”目标下,新能源产业发展推动铜需求继续增加,需求峰值可能出现在2030—2035年,铜资源供应“大头在外”的格局不可逆转。当前,全球已形成以智利、秘鲁等少数国家为主导的全球采矿和以中国为主导的集中冶炼生产格局,叠加全球资源问题政治化、近期资源民族主义全球化、矿产品价格金融化等因素影响,我国铜资源保供形势更为严峻。对增强铜资源保供能力的政策建议:①需要实施国家专项政策,充分释放国内保供潜能,以便增强应对市场风险的处置能力;②需要分区加强海外资源勘查开发合作,并主动适应资源东道国产业链本土化要求,保障海外投资合法权益,稳定增长海外供应份额;③丰富平抑资源价格政策工具来应对市场风险,维护全球资源市场稳定。

The endowment of copper resources is poor in China,and of which the external dependency has been more than 70%for years.Under the“double carbon”target,the development of the new energy industry will drive the demand for copper to continue to increase,and the peak demand may appear between 2030 and 2035.The mostly imported pattern of copper resource supply is irreversible.At present,the pattern of global mining led by a few countries such as Chile and Peru and the pattern of centralized smelting and production led by China has been formed.In addition to the impact of the politicization of global resource issues,the recent globalization of resource nationalism,and the financialization of mineral prices,the situation of copper resource supply in China has become more severe.This paper gives some policy suggestions for enhancing the capacity of copper resource supply,as follows:①It is necessary to implement special national policies to fully release the potential of domestic supply insurance in order to enhance the ability to deal with market risks;②It is necessary to strengthen cooperation in exploration and development of overseas resources,take the initiative to adapt to the localization requirements of the industrial chain of resource host countries,protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas investment,and steadily increase the share of overseas supply;③Chinese Government should enrich the policy tools for calming down resource prices to cope with market risks and maintain stability in the global resource market.