山东滕州出土商代中期青铜器成分分析

Composition Analysis of the Middle Shang Dynasty Bronzes Unearthed in Tengzhou,Shandong Province

山东省滕州市官桥镇吕楼、前掌大、大康留、轩辕庄等地多次出土商代中期青铜器,本文选择其中12件器物简要介绍形制,并作铸造工艺描述及成分分析。大康留等四处地点均位于泗水支流薛河流域,出土青铜器时代特征鲜明,组合相对完整。这批青铜器的合金材质以铅锡青铜为主,兼有少量含铅的锡青铜,锡含量均较为适中,与同期郑州、安阳等地青铜容器的材质规律一致。大康留尊、轩辕庄斝等部分器物含银量较高。部分器物经过补铸,补铸材料包括红铜、低锡青铜及含砷、银的铅锡青铜等,材质较为杂乱。

Bronze artifacts of the middle Shang dynasty have been repeatedly unearthed at the sites of Guanqiao Town in Tengzhou such as Lyulou,Qianzhangda,Dakangliu,Xuanyuanzhuang,etc.In this paper,the shape,casting process,and composition analysis of 12 examples are briefly introduced.All four sites are located in the Xuehe River basin,a tributary of the Sishui River,and the excavated bronzes have distinct characteristics of age and the combinations are relatively complete.The alloy material of these bronzes is mainly lead-tin bronze,with a small amount of lead-containing tin bronze,and the tin content is all relatively moderate,which is consistent with the material pattern of bronzes from Zhengzhou and Anyang of the same period.The silver content in several vessels like the Dakangliu zun and Xuanyuanzhuang jia is high.Some vessels have been re-cast,and the casting-on materials are relatively messy including pure copper,low-tin bronze,and lead-tin bronze containing arsenic and silver,etc.