农民集体发展权的建构与实现——基于乡村振兴战略之背景

Constructing and Realizing Farmers’ Rights of Collective Development: Against the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

党的十九大为乡村振兴擘画了蓝图,脱贫攻坚的胜利将乡村振兴战略推至全面实施阶段。当前农业、农村、农民的发展仍面临一些矛盾,重个体及其帮扶、轻集体的倾向导致农民向好发展的要求难以从根本上得到满足,有必要建构以农民集体为主体的发展权——农民集体发展权,使“三农”能够通过集体获得更好发展。在这一权利谱系中,壮大村集体经济、提升村民自治和农村治理效能、充分供给农村社会保障是主要内容。因此,纾解壮大农村集体经济的制约因素、促进农村“三治”有机结合、优化“后脱贫”时代的农村社会保障,理应是农民集体发展权的导向。

The 19th CPC National Congress drew a blueprint for the revitalization of the countryside, and the victory in poverty alleviation has pushed the rural revitalization strategy to comprehensive implementation. At present, the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers still faces some contradictions. The tendency to emphasize assistance to individuals rather than collectives, has led to the difficulty of fundamentally satisfying farmers’ demands for favourable development. It is necessary to construct the farmer-collective-oriented development rights—farmers’ rights of collective development, so that agriculture, rural areas and farmers can obtain better development through the collective. In this spectrum of rights, strengthening the collective village economy, enhancing village self-governance and the effectiveness of rural governance, and ensuring the adequate provision of rural social security are its main components. Therefore, it is the orientation for farmers’ rights of collective development to relieve the constraints to the growth of the collective rural economy, promote the organic integration of self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue in rural areas, and optimise the supply of rural socialsecurityinthepost-poverty-alleviationera.