依赖与依附:资本主义世界宗教新现象探析

Dependence and Attachment: On the New Phenomena of Religion in the Capitalist World

近现代化尤其是20世纪70年代以来,在资本主义国家尤其是发达资本主义国家,存在一个由“世俗化”到“宗教复兴”的发展趋势。根据马克思主义,一旦认识到宗教的社会存在前提,就能理解宗教背后的社会实践。基于此可见,宗教改革后的宗教扩张运动反映的是资本主义生产方式的扩张,而全球化时代的“宗教复兴”趋势是这一历史过程的阶段性体现。宗教不仅是一种文化体系,而且是一种现实体系,既根源于私有制,也源于人与人、人与自然的不合理关系。因而,在资本主义社会存在条件下,宗教必然会长期存在。

In recent modern times, especially since the 1970 s,there has been a trend from“secularisation”to“religious revival”in capitalist countries, least of all in the developed capitalist countries. It requires Marxist analyses to understand the trend. Marxism observes that the social practices behind religion can be understood once the social preconditions of its existence are recognised. It follows from this that the post-reformation movement of religious expansion reflects the expansion of the capitalist mode of production, and that the trend towards a“religious revival”in the age of globalisation is a phase of this historical process. Religion is not only a cultural system but also a system of reality, rooted both in private ownership and in the irrational relations among human beings and in that between man and nature. Thus, religion is bound to persist under the conditions of capitalist society.