试析《澳日友好与合作基本条约》缔结的动因、进程及其性质

The Signing of Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Australia and Japan:Backdrops,Process,and Natures

澳日关系是亚太地区重要的双边关系之一,其发展变迁的标志之一就是不同历史时期双边重要关系文件的签署。比较而言,1976年签署的《澳日友好与合作基本条约》是所有条约、协定或声明中最基础也是最重要的一个。其签署是一系列因素推动的结果。奉行自由市场经济原则、与日经济的互补性以及希望在国际舞台上树立国家的崭新形象等是澳大利亚最终与日达成缔约共识的主要缘由。开放的经济属性、对原材料稳定与可靠供应的渴求以及政治上的图谋,是日本提出与澳缔结友好与合作条约的动力或基本考量。由于太平洋战争的后遗症、双方历史文化的差异及其对缔约的不同诉求,条约谈判因此一波三折。条约最终得以签署,与经贸合作的互惠互利、政治家的积极推动、条约谈判的低调安排以及对人文交流的重视等是分不开的。双方在缔约背景或原因上的差异、不同的缔约诉求以及对条约条款的不同赋义在相当程度上决定了该条约在其性质方面呈现多元和多视角的特征。

The Australia-Japan relationship is one of the important bilateral relations in the Asia-Pacific area,and one of the marks in the development and change of this relationship is the signing of important documents concerning bilateral ties in different periods of time.Comparatively,the Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed in 1976 is the most fundamental and important one among all the treaties,agreements or declarations between the two parties.Its signature was motivated by a series of factors.Adherence to the principle of free market economy,its complementarity with Japan’s economy and its endeavor to build a new image in the international stage,and etc.,were main reasons for Australia to reach a common sense with Japan in negotiating the treaty.The open-door economy,an urgent need for stable and reliable supplies of raw materials and some ambition in the political field,were the impetus and basic considerations for Japan to suggest for the treaty of friendship and cooperation with Australia.The sequela of the Pacific War,the historic and cultural difference between the two parties,and their different appeals for concluding the treaty had made the process of negotiation filled with ups and downs.The final signature of the treaty could be attributed to the following factor:mutual benefit in economic cooperation,politicians’active participation,the low-profile arrangement for negotiating the treaty,and the emphasis on human and cultural exchanges.The difference in backgrounds or reasons for negotiating the treaty,different appeals and different understandings of clauses and items to a considerable extent decided the diversified and multi-perspective characteristics of the treaty in its nature.