天然气与可再生燃气融合发展挑战与路径

Challenge and path to integrated development of natural gas and renewable gas

天然气已成为众多国家应对极端气候、保障能源应急供应、降低碳排放的首选能源。近年来,沼气、生物甲烷气、氢气等可再生燃气快速发展,与传统天然气一起组成内涵更为丰富、来源更为广泛的气体能源工业体系,有望成为传统天然气的重要补充。为此,总结了全球天然气和可再生燃气的发展形势,分析了中国天然气和可再生燃气发展进程中面临的主要问题:气体能源工业消费量增速远高于产量增速、天然气和可再生燃气发电成本较高、可再生燃气生产成本较高。在此基础上,提出了加快我国天然气与可再生燃气融合发展,构建面向未来的气体能源工业的建议:(1)明确可再生燃气在我国天然气产业发展和“双碳”目标中的定位,重构我国气体能源工业;(2)强化气体能源工业多元供给体系建设,构建以天然气为主、可再生燃气为辅的多气协同互补供应体系;(3)强化天然气管线互联互通能力建设,构建以管道为主、适应可再生燃气的气体能源工业输配系统,推动生物甲烷气、氢气等规模化入网;(4)强化政策支持,推动天然气与可再生燃气产业融合发展,降低我国天然气对外依存度,有力支撑我国能源强国建设和“双碳”目标实现。结论认为,在全球能源发展的新形势下,推动传统天然气和可再生燃气融合发展,降低天然气碳排放量,将有助于我国天然气安全和“双碳”目标的实现。

Natural gas has become the first choice for many countries to cope with extreme climate, ensure emergency energy supply and reduce carbon emissions. In recent years, renewable gas(such as biogas, biomethane gas and hydrogen) develops rapidly, and together with traditional natural gas, forms a gas energy industry system with richer connotation and more extensive sources, which is expected to be an important complement to traditional natural gas. In this paper, the development situations of global natural gas and renewable gas are summarized. In addition, the main problems in the development process of China’s natural gas and renewable gas are analyzed.For example, the consumption of gas energy industry increases much faster than the production, the power generation costs of natural gas and renewable gas are higher, and the production costs of renewable gas are higher. Based on this, four suggestions are put forward to accelerate the integrated development of natural gas and renewable gas and build a future-oriented gas energy industry in China. First,clarify the role of renewable gas in China’s natural gas industry development and "double carbon" goal, and reconstruct China’s gas energy industry. Second, strengthen the construction of multi-gas supply system of gas energy industry, and build a multi-gas collaborative complementary supply system dominated by natural gas and supplemented by renewable gas. Third, strengthen the construction of the interconnection capacity of natural gas pipelines, build a transmission and distribution system of gas energy industry which is based on pipeline and adaptive to renewable gas, and promote the large-scale transmission of biological methane gas and hydrogen into the grid. Fourth, strengthen policy support, promote the integrated development of natural gas and renewable gas industries, reduce China’s external dependence of natural gas, and powerfully support the construction of an energy power and the realization of the "double carbon" goal. In conclusion, under the new situation of global energy development, promoting the integrated development of traditional natural gas and renewable gas and reducing the carbon emissions of natural gas is conducive to the realization of natural gas safety and "double carbon" goal in China.