老年患者骨密度与首次出现听力受损年龄相关性的横断面研究

Correlation between age at the first onset of hearing loss and bone quality in elderly patients: a cross-sectional study

目的:评估老年患者骨密度与首次出现听力受损年龄之间的相关性。方法:本研究纳入2017—2020年国家健康和营养调查(NHANES)研究中186名听力受损和骨密度资料完善的参与者。采用标准问卷收集人口统计学信息:性别、年龄和首次出现听力受损的年龄。按照成年后首次出现听力受损的年龄,将纳入的受访者分为20~39岁组(n=21)、40~59岁组(n=40)、60~69岁组(n=45)、70岁以上组(n=80)。采用双能X线吸收法测量腰椎和股骨的骨密度值。应用logistic回归分析探究老年患者骨密度与首次出现听力受损年龄的关系。结果:186名受访者中,男女各93人,年龄70~80岁,平均(76.7±3.7)岁。20~39岁组和40~59岁组人群的腰椎骨密度和股骨骨密度值(-1.120±0.183和-0.930±0.130;-1.060±0.230和-0.881±0.173)相较70岁以上组(-0.984±0.203和-0.820±0.187)更低,差异有统计学意义;而60~69岁出现听力受损人群的骨密度值(-1.033±0.220和-0.866±0.145)与70岁以上组比较,差异无统计学意义。老年患者骨密度与首次出现听力受损年龄呈负相关(OR=0.707,95%CI:0.557~0.897,P=0.004);校正年龄因素后,负相关性仍然存在(OR=0.682,95%CI:0.526~0.885,P=0.004)。结论:首次出现听力受损的年龄可能是老年患者骨质疏松的独立相关因素。

Objective: To assess the association between age at the first onset of hearing impairment and bone mineral density(BMD)in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 186 participants with hearing impairment and complete BMD data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) were included in this study. A standard questionnaire was used to collect demographic information including gender, age, and age at the first onset of hearing loss. According to the age at the first onset of hearing loss, the participants who have experienced hearing impairment were divided into 20-39 years old group(n=21), 40-59 years old group(n=40), 60-69 years old group(n=45), and over 70 years old group(n=80). The BMD of lumbar spine and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the age at first appearance of hearing loss and BMD. Results: There were 93 females and 93 males with an average age of(76.7±3.7) years(range, 70-80 years). Lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD values(-1.120±0.183 and-0.930±0.130,-1.060±0.230 and-0.881±0.173) in hearing-impaired people aged 20-39 and 40-59 were significantly lower than those in the over 70 years old group(-0.984±0.203 and-0.820±0.187). However, there was no significant difference in the BMD between the hearing-impaired group at the age of60-69(-1.033±0.220 and-0.866±0.145) and the over 70 years old group. Age of hearing impairment was inversely associated with BMD(OR=0.707, 95%CI: 0.557-0.897, P=0.004), the negative correlation still existed after adjusting for age factor(OR=0.682,95%CI: 0.526-0.885, P=0.004). Conclusions: Age at the first onset of hearing loss may be an independent correlative factor for osteoporosis.