基于数字人文技术的张謇水利思想研究

A Study on Zhang Jian’s Water Conservancy Ideology Based on Digital Humanistic Technology

张謇水利著说颇多,以《张謇全集》(2012年版)为数字化资源,对张謇涉水利的时序变化、地域变化、人物共现、情感倾向、教育主张等方面进行数字人文分析,勾勒出张謇家国情怀的水利人生画像,开辟了文献利用新用途和名人研究新路径。在时序变化方面,可以将张謇水利人生分为黄河治理、治淮导淮、水利教育和回乡保坍4个时期;在地域变化方面,梳理出张謇在南通时期思考治水和实践治水、郑州开封时期疏塞并举治黄,南京北京时期推进传统水利向现代水利转变;在人物共现方面,发现张謇善借名人力量实现水利抱负,但收效甚微;在水利情感倾向方面,刻画出张謇先后经历了“满腔热情、忧郁南归”“忧国忧民、务实理性”“雄心勃勃、锐意改革”“辞归故里、热忱家乡”4个情感变化过程;在水利教育方面,概括出张謇“以德为先、重视实践、严谨治学”的教育主张。

Zhang Jian wrote a lot about water conservation.Based on the perspective of digital humanities,the 2012edition of The Complete Works of Zhang Jian is used as a digital resource to analyze the word frequency of Zhang Jian’s involvement in water conservancy in terms of time,place,copresentation of characters,emotional tendency and educational proposition,and to draw a portrait of Zhang Jian’s life in water resource with family and national sentiments,which opens up a new way of document utilization and a new path of celebrity research.In terms of timeline,Zhang Jian’s experience can be divided into four periods:Yellow River goverance,controlling and guiding Huai River,water conservancy education and returning to his hometown to protect the collapse.In terms of location and context,this paper sorts out Zhang Jian’s thinking and practice of water control in Nantong period,simultaneous development of dredging and plugging to govern the Yellow River during the Zhengzhou and Kaifeng period,promoting the transformation from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy in Nanjing and Beijing period.In terms of character co-existence,it is found that Zhang Jian was good at using the power of celebrities to achieve his water ambition,but with little success.In terms of the emotional tendency of water conservancy,it is portrayed that Zhang Jian went through four emotional enrichment processes:“full of enthusiasm and melancholy returning to the south”,“worrying about the country and the people,pragmatic and rational”,“ambitious and determined to reform”and“resigning and returning to his hometown”.In terms of water conservancy education,Zhang Jian’s education proposition of“putting morality first,emphasizing practice and rigorous research”is summarized.