Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末的研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)Ceramic Powder

层状三元钛铝化碳Ti_(3)AlC_(2)是MAX相家族中重要的一员,其因兼具金属与陶瓷的双重性能优点,引起了广泛关注。它是一种潜在的功能材料和结构材料,可作为高温结构材料、热交换器材料、耐腐蚀构件、低摩擦系数材料、电接触材料、核燃料包壳材料、损伤敏感部件等,具有广泛的应用前景。但是合成Ti_(3)AlC_(2)的窗口非常窄,目前制备高纯Ti_(3)AlC_(2)块体材料大多采用原位反应法,不仅合成物中Ti_(3)AlC_(2)的纯度难以控制,制品外形简单,尺寸小,而且很难实现工业化生产。而常规陶瓷材料的制造大多是先合成相应的高纯陶瓷粉末,然后再通过粉体的不同设计,制备出所需要的陶瓷材料。因此,合成高纯Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末对于实现Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷材料的工业化生产至关重要。学者们针对制备高纯Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末展开了深入、系统的研究。目前主要的制备方法有自蔓延高温合成法、无压烧结法、机械合金化法、机械合金化-热处理法、熔盐法、微波烧结法等,这些方法均可制备出微米或纳米级的高纯Ti_(3)AlC_(2)粉末。其中,无压烧结法工艺简单,适用范围广。众多研究表明,添加Sn、Si、Ni、B_(2)O_(3)等各种助剂可显著降低其合成温度,并提高产物中Ti_(3)AlC_(2)相的纯度。熔盐法可在较低的温度下合成分散性较好且纯度较高的纳米级Ti_(3)AlC_(2)粉体,合成产物的形貌及尺寸可控。这两种制备技术具有一定的优异性。本文综述了国内外学者针对高纯Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末的研究所取得的最新进展,分别对Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末的各种制备技术、合成机理、性能对比及应用前景进行了梳理,最后对Ti_(3)AlC_(2)陶瓷粉末研究领域内亟待解决的问题进行了分析与讨论。

Ternary layered Ti_(3)AlC_(2),an important member of the MAX phases,attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of both metal and ceramic concurrently.As a potential functional and structural material,Ti_(3)AlC_(2)has wide application prospects as high temperature structural materials,heat exchanger materials,corrosion-resistant components,low-friction-coefficient materials,electrical contact materials,nuclear fuel cladding materials,damage-sensitive parts and so on.However,the synthesis window for Ti_(3)AlC_(2)is quite narrow.At present,the in-situ reaction method is mostly used to prepare high-purity Ti_(3)AlC_(2)bulk materials.The purity of the product prepared by this method is difficult to control,the appearance is simple,the size is small,and it is difficult to industrialize.In general,to manufacture the conventional ceramic materials,the corresponding high-purity ceramic powder is synthesized first,and then to prepare the required ceramic materials through different designs of the powder.So,the synthesis of high-purity Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder is vital for the manufacture of Ti_(3)AlC_(2)ceramic materials.In-depth and systematic research has been carried out on the synthesis of high-purity Ti_(3)AlC_(2)ceramic powder.Currently,the main preparation methods include self-propagation high-temperature synthesis,pressureless sintering,mechanical alloying,mechanical alloying-heat treatment,molten salt,microwave sintering,etc.,all of which can prepare micron or nano high-purity Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder.Among them,the pressureless sintering method has a simple process and a wide range of applications.Numerous studies have shown that adding additives such as Sn,Si,Ni and B_(2)O_(3) can significantly reduce the synthesis temperature and increase the purity of the Ti_(3)AlC_(2)phase in the product.Nano Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder with good dispersibility and high purity can be synthesized by molten salt method at a lower temperature,and its morphology and size are controllable.These two preparation methods are superior to others.This paper reviewed the latest research progress of high-purity Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder.The preparation technology,synthesis mechanism,property comparison and future application of the Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder were summarized.Finally,the urgent problems in the Ti_(3)AlC_(2)powder research were analyzed and discussed.