女子网球单打运动员基本竞技单元与得失分关联度分析

Analysis of the Correlation between the Basic Competitive Unit and the Score of Female Tennis Singles Players

目的:剖析世界优秀女子单打网球运动员的技战术特征,为提升我国女子网球的竞技水平提供参考。方法:运用文献综述法、录像观察法、灰色关联度法对巴蒂、卡·普利斯托娃、小威廉姆斯的得失分特征进行分析,将基本竞技单元划分为发抢段、相持I段、接抢段、相持II段,对基本竞技单元的得失分率与总得失分率进行灰色关联度计算。结果:总得分率关联度最高的是巴蒂的相持I段与卡·普利斯托娃、小威廉姆斯的发抢段,关联度最低的均是相持II段;总失分率关联度最高的是巴蒂的相持I段,另外两名运动员均是接抢段,关联度最低的均是相持II段。结论:发球及发抢段对比赛获胜极具重要影响,提升接发球质量与接抢段得分率是网球比赛中亟须解决的重要问题,同时也是提升比赛赢球率的主要突破口;对各竞技单元的得失分做出的评定可以反映二两者的比赛趋势,了解运动员在比赛中的优劣势及对获胜的贡献度,这对教练员实施科学化训练、赛前指导比赛和运动员有针对性地参加比赛具有一定的意义。

Objective: To analyze the technical and tactical characteristics of the world’s outstanding women’s singles tennis players, and to provide reference for improving the competitive level of Chinese women’s tennis.Methods Using the literature review method, video observation method, and gray relational method to analyze the characteristics of the gain and loss points of Barty, Karolina Pliskova and Serena Williams. The basic competitive unit is divided into the starting and robbing section, the stalemate I section, the receiving and robbing section and the stalemate II section, and the gray relational degree is calculated for the gain and loss score rate and the total gain and loss score rate of the basic competitive unit.Results The highest relation in the total score rate was Barty’s stalemate I segment and Karolina Pliskova and Williams’ hair-gear segment, and the lowest relation was in the stalemate II segment;the total score loss rate relation was The highest is Barty’s stalemate I stage, the other two athletes are both the catch stage, and the lowest relation is the stalemate II stage.Conclusion The service and the starting and robbing stages have a great influence on the winning of the game. Improving the quality of the receiving and robbing stages and the scoring rate of the receiving and robbing stages is an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in the tennis game, and is also the main breakthrough to improve the winning rate of the game;The evaluation of the gains and losses of each competitive unit can reflect the competition trend of the two, and understand the advantages and disadvantages of the athletes in the competition and their contribution to the victory. This has a certain significance for the coaches to implement scientific training, guide the competition before the competition, and the athletes to participate in the competition.