无膜细胞器与细胞应激反应关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between membraneless organelle and cellular stress response

无膜细胞器是缺乏分隔膜的细胞区室。无膜细胞器在多个生物学过程中发挥着关键作用,包括基因转录、RNA代谢、翻译、蛋白质修饰和信号转导等。细胞在受到外界刺激时,会产生应激反应,维持细胞稳态。而由液–液相分离(Liquid-liquid phase separation)驱动而形成的无膜细胞器具有类液体特性,可以快速响应压力,在细胞应激反应中发挥重要作用。本文以应激颗粒、P–小体、核仁和卡哈尔体为无膜细胞器代表,总结了无膜细胞器与应激反应的关系,以及无膜细胞器与疾病的联系。

Membraneless organelles are cellular compartments that lack a separating membrane. Membraneless organelles play critical roles in multiple biological processes, including gene transcription, RNA metabolism,translation, protein modification, signal transduction, and so on. When the cells are stimulated, they initiate a series of stress responses to maintain homeostasis. Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation have liquid-like properties, can rapidly respond to stress and play an important role in cellular stress responses. In this paper, we chose stress granules, P-bodies, nucleolus and Cajal bodies as representatives of membraneless organelles, and summarized the relationships between membraneless organelles and stress responses, and its links of membraneless organelles to disease.