COVID-19检测技术的优点和局限性

Advantages and limitations of COVID-19 detection techniques

由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的2019年冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),其持续大流行已对世界公共卫生安全造成严重的危害。发展病毒检测技术并运用于卫生管理包括人员排查、患者鉴别与治疗、减缓病毒传播等方面已发挥了重要作用。本文简要概述了SARS-CoV-2生物学特征,对全球发展使用的SARS-CoV-2病毒主要检测技术和新兴发展检测技术进行了比较详尽的介绍,并对病毒检测技术进行了展望,以期为临床医疗诊断、公共卫生防护、疾病预防和控制等提供理论和技术帮助。

The occurrence and persistent pandemic of 2019 coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19),caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has taken a big toll on global public health.The development of virus detection techniques and its application played an important role in health management,including screening,identification and treatment of patients,and slowing down the spread of virus.This review briefly summarizes the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2,and introduces in detail the SARS-CoV-2 detection techniques developed and used worldwide.Perspectives on the follow-up development of virus detection techniques were presented,with the aim to facilitate medical diagnosis,public health protection,disease prevention and control.