大国竞争中的知识产权安全化及中国的政策选择

Securitization of Intellectual Property and China’s Policy Choices in the Context of Great-Power Competition

世界政治格局下大国竞争关系的转变促使知识产权以新型非传统安全的形式进入国家安全议程。在安全化理论下,知识产权安全是一种话语建构行为,知识产权安全化是通过话语策略将知识产权问题建构为国家生存威胁的过程,涉及知识产权信息流动、知识产权权利转移和知识产权产品交易三类安全威胁行为。知识产权安全化始于知识产权与军事安全的融合,并随经济全球化与科技革命进程进入非传统安全领域,主要表现为大国经济竞争中的知识产权保护与大国科技竞争中的技术封锁问题。知识产权安全化机制包括在特定语境下塑造大国间知识产权敌对关系的身份话语建构,以及利用话语策略修饰知识产权风险的威胁话语建构。在当前中美竞争主导的大国竞争格局下,中国既应推进新型国际关系,及时解构美国知识产权安全威胁的话语策略,还需以发展与安全兼顾原则、宽严相济理念为指导,制定面向世界的中国知识产权安全政策。

Changes in the competition between great powers in the global political environment has put intellectual property(IP)on the national security agenda of countries,as part of nontraditional security.IP security is a discursive construction under securitization theory.Such a discursive construction regards IP issues as threats to national existence.The IP securitization process contains three security threats:the flow of intellectual information,the transfer of IP rights,and the transaction of the tangible form of IP.IP securitization started with its convergence with military security, and then moved towards nontraditional security following the economic globalization process and the technological revolution.In this process,the IP protection and the technology blockade in the economic competition and the technological competition,respectively,between great powers has been revealed.The mechanisms to securitize IP involve the identity discursive construction of the adversarial IP relationship between great powers and the threat discursive construction based on discourse strategies,which can embellish IP risks.In the context of the China-US centered great-power competition,China shall deconstruct the discourse strategy of the US in regard to IP security threats and advocate a new type of international relations.In addition,aglobal Chinese IP security policy,balancing the development and security dimension,combining leniency with rigidity,shall be under way.