新手教师情绪劳动动机:类别与表现——基于一位县级高中教师的自我民族志

Categories and Performance of Novice Teachers’ Emotional Labor Motivation:Based on the Auto-Ethnography of a County-Level High School Teacher

动机分类一直是心理学研究的重要课题,当前教师情绪劳动动机的分类多是沿袭心理学的研究范式与分类标准,忽视环境因素与利他内容的考量。基于英国学者博尔顿的社会学视角,采用自我民族志方法,深入县级高中新手教师的内心世界,发现情绪劳动受物质、专业、表现、馈赠4种动机影响,呈现出表现动机强烈、物质与专业动机明显、馈赠动机略有不足的特征。新手教师情绪劳动动机既受到学校管理等外部诱因的影响,又离不开教师内部需求的激发。基于此,建议学校转变新手教师管理理念,给予新手教师更多关怀与情感支持;新手教师则需加强职业道德修养,提高情绪劳动能力,提升教师职业认同。

Motivation classification has always been an important topic in psychological research, and motivation classification of teachers’ emotional labor mostly follows the psychological paradigm, ignoring the consideration of environmental factors and altruistic content. Based on the sociological perspective of Bolton, a British scholar, and using the method of auto-ethnography, the article delves into the inner world of a novice teacher in a county-level high school, and finds that novice teachers’ emotional labor is influenced by four motivations: pecuniary, prescriptive,presentational and philanthropic, showing a type distribution characteristic of strong presentational motivation, obvious pecuniary and prescriptive motivation, but slightly insufficient philanthropic motivation. The formation of this situation is not only stimulated by external incentives such as school management, but also by the internal stimulation of novice teachers’ needs. Based on the findings and conclusions of the research, it is recommended that county schools change the management concept of novice teachers, give more care and emotional support;Novice teachers need to strengthen their professional ethics, cultivate their emotional labor ability, and enhance their professional identity.