双重伤害的研究进展

Reseach progress in dual harm

越来越多的证据支持自我伤害与攻击行为之间有密切的关联。同一个体既有自我伤害又有攻击行为的现象称为“双重伤害”。双重伤害不是自我伤害与攻击的简单共存,它可能代表一种不同于任何单一伤害行为的独立行为。了解双重伤害的特征及相关影响因素对这一人群的干预至关重要。双重伤害在精神障碍患者及刑事司法人群中的发生率较高;实施双重伤害的个体发生伤害行为的时间更早、频率更高、范围更广、方式更加严重;双重伤害的常见影响因素包括童年逆境、情绪失调、人格特征、精神障碍及生物学因素等;关于双重伤害的理论模型解释十分缺乏,目前主要有力量抵消的两阶段模型及认知情绪模型。深入探讨双重伤害的特征、影响因素及理论对该行为的干预和预防有重要意义。

Growing evidence supports an association between self-harm and aggression,and the two behaviors frequently co-occur.The co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression is termed as dual harm.Existing evidence reveals that rather than a simple co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression,dual-harm may be an independent behavior different from a sole harm behavior.Identification of characteristics and influencing factors for dual harm may help develop effective prevention strategies for the affected population.A review of the literature yields a high incidence of dual harm among the clinical and forensic populations.Individuals with dual harm engage in an earlier,more frequent,and a wider range of harmful behaviors,with the increased use of lethal methods.Common factors that affect dual harm include childhood adversities,emotional dysregulation,personality traits,mental disorders,and biological factors.A comprehensive theory to explain dual harm is still not available.Currently,two main theories for explaining mechanism of dual harm are the twostage model of countervailing forces and the cognitive-emotional model.An in-depth exploration of characteristics,influencing factors,and theories for dual harm is of great importance for the prevention of dual harm.