场域理论视角下商业绅士化对周边老旧住区的影响——以成都大慈寺社区为例

The influence of commercial gentrification on surrounding old neighborhoods based on field theory:A case study of Daci Temple Community of Chengdu

以成都市大慈寺社区商业绅士化为例,基于布迪厄的场域理论,从不同行为主体的视角出发,分别分析了地方政府、开发商、绅士化群体、原住居民、周边商户及周边小区各自的利益诉求与资本获取,探寻商业绅士化空间对周边老旧住区的影响。研究发现:商业绅士化空间及其周边住区共同构成了一个绅士化场域,不同的行为主体在场域中获取和积累各自资本从而确立其社会实践地位。特别地,绅士化核心场域由地方政府、开发商和绅士化群体共同构成的利益联合体推动形成,体现一种至上而下的全球化资本逻辑运作;边缘场域由原住居民、周边商户和周边租户在周边小区构建而成,其受到了核心场域的支配和影响,与核心场域内的三类主体形成了动态互哺关系,从而逐渐产生新一轮绅士化进程,呈现一种至下而上的本土化资本发展逻辑。大慈寺社区商业绅士化中的核心场域与边缘场域之间存在着既相互分异又相互融合的复杂特征,构建了两者之间的循环发展路径,带动了中心城区的整体更新发展。研究填补了中国商业绅士化对于周边住区影响的理论空白,同时也对城市中心商业空间更新的良性改造提供一定参考价值。

This paper uses the commercial gentrification space of Daci Temple Community in Chengdu as the case. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s’field’theory, it analyses the interest demand and capital acquisitions from the different actors of local government, developers, gentrifiers,residents, surrounding merchants and tenants. Then, it explores the influence mechanism between commercial gentrification and surrounding old neighborhoods. Using two qualitative research methods of participant observation and semi-structured interview, the empirical research findings show that commercial gentrification and surrounding old residential areas constitute a gentrification field, where different actors acquire and accumulate their own capital to establish social practice status. The gentrification core field composed of high-end consumption space where the local government and private developers unite. Specifically, the former pursuits the symbolic capital brought by beautification image driven by the development of the global city and national central city, while the latter accumulates maximum economic capital. Gentrifiers promote the development and consolidation of commercial gentrification in the process of pursuing a lifestyle consistent with their own social attributes.However, the residents are in a weak position in the process of gentrification, which becomes the subject of capital outflow. In the marginal field, the surrounding merchants begin to reconstruct businesses to cater to gentrifiers. Besides, with the new consumption space in the core field, the surrounding tenants have acquired economic and social capital in the whole gentrification field. Therefore, this paper reveals two important capital logics in the field. The core field of gentrification is promoted by the interest alliance formed by the local government,developers and gentrifiers, which reflects a top-down global capital logic. The marginal field is constructed by residents, surrounding merchants and tenants, which is presenting a bottom-up local capital logic. This is because the marginal field is influenced by the core field, forming a dynamic mutual relationship with the core field. Finally, this research fills the theoretical gap for the impact of China’s commercial gentrification on surrounding residential areas, and in light of the practice value for the renovation of commercial space in urban centers.