大气网格化监测系统的构建及其在区域环境空气质量精细化管理中的应用

Construction of atmospheric grid monitoring system and its application in refinement management of regional ambient air quality

为提升区域环境空气质量精细化管理工作水平,以西安高新区为例,采用空气质量自动监测微站和环境大数据分析平台,构建大气网格化监测系统,用以分析各街道网格污染物特征和成因并推送监控预警信息和问题巡查结果。结果表明:CO成点源式分布在各个街道,丈八街道CO点源分布最多;NO_(2)主要集中在兴隆街道和细柳街道;SO_(2)主要集中在兴隆街道和五星街道;O_(3)主要集中分布在丈八街道和鱼化寨街道,灵沼街道和细柳街道是PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)污染最严重的区域;一、四季度首要污染物以PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和NO_(2)为主,预警时段多集中在深夜或午后时段;二、三季首要污染物以PM_(10)和O_(3)为主,预警时段多集中在下午;高新西区国控站空气质量监测结果受东南方向污染物影响较大,草堂基地省控站空气质量监测结果受东北方向污染物影响较大;2021年高新区大气污染问题巡查工作累计发现各类大气污染问题1539件,其中明确污染源的问题有607件,占比为39.4%;分布时段主要集中在1—4月,且多为颗粒物污染问题,主要来源包括工地排放源(48%)、道路交通源(31%)、汽修行业源(12%)和餐饮油烟源(8%)等。大气网格化监测系统能够为改善区域空气质量提供数据支撑,从而显著提升空气质量精细化管理工作水平。本研究结果可为同类开发区空气质量精细化管理提供参考。

In order to improve fine management level of regional ambient air quality,Xi'an Hi-tech Industries Development Zone was taken as an example,the automatic air monitoring micro-station and environmental bigdata analysis platform were used to build an air gridded monitoring system for analyzing the characteristics and causes of gridded pollutants in each street and sending the monitoring and early warning information and problem patrol results.The results show that CO point sources distributed in every sub-district,especially the most distribution occurred in Zhangba sub-district;NO_(2) mainly distributed in Xinglong sub-district and Xiliu sub-district;SO_(2) mainly distributed in Xinglong sub-district and Wuxing sub-district;O_(3) mainly distributed in Zhangba sub-district and Yuhuazhai sub-district;the highest PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations occurred in Lingzhao sub-district and Xiliu sub-district;the main pollutants in the 1st and 4the quarters were PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and NO_(2),and the early warning mainly concentrated in the late night or afternoon;the main pollutants in the 2nd and 3rd Quarters were PM_(10) and O_(3),and the early warning mainly concentrated in the afternoon;the air monitoring results of the station of China National Environmental Monitoring Center in Xi'an Hi-tech Industries Development Zone were greatly affected by the pollutants in the southeast,and the air monitoring results of the station of Shaanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Center in Caotang Science and Technology Industry Base were greatly affected by the pollutants in the northeast;in 2021,a total of 1539 air pollution issues,were found during the air pollution patrol in Xi'an Hi-tech Industries Development Zone;among the issues,607 issues had the identified pollution sources,accounting for 39.4%;most of issues occurred from January to April and belonged to particulate pollution issues mainly caused by emission from construction site(48%),roads(31%),automobile repair(12%)and kitchens(8%).The air gridded monitoring system can provide data for the improvement of regional air quality and thus significantly enhance the fine management level of air quality.The research results can provide a reference for the fine management of air quality in the similar development zones.