基于鬼波衰减与非平稳多阶差分地震拓频技术的研究与应用

Research and Application of Seismic Frequency Extension technology Based on Ghost Wave Attenuation and Non-stationary Multi-order Differential Algorithm

高分辨率地震资料可以达到更精细的井震标定结果,能更清晰地进行构造解释与储层刻画,同时对薄层具有更好的识别能力。为提高地震分辨率,需要对地震数据进行拓频处理。常规地震拓频方法通常在频率域进行,易受到高频噪音影响,降低资料可靠性。本文提出一种基于鬼波处理与多阶差分结合的时域拓频技术,仅通过原始地震道数次积分与差分运算便能拓宽地震频带,积分及差分结果在高斯窗口内进行振幅匹配以保证处理前后振幅一致性。与差分结果进行加权融合,高阶差分设置较小权值以避免高频噪声的影响,提高算法的抗噪性。本理论模型及实际地震资料处理分析结果表明,该方法能有效提高地震资料分辨率。

High-resolution seismic data can realize better well seismic calibration results,clearer structural interpretation and reservoir characterization, and also hold better identification ability of thin layers. In order to improve seismic resolution, it is necessary to carry out frequency extension processing on seismic data. The conventional seismic spectral broadening method used to be carried out in the frequency domain is susceptible to high-frequency noise and thus reduces the reliability of the data. In this paper we propose a time-domain frequency extension technology which is based on the combination of ghost wave processing and non-stationary multi-order differential resolution. The sesmic spectral can be broaded merely through multiple times of integration and differential operation, whose results are performed amplitude matching at Gaussian window to ensure the consistency of the amplitude before and after the processing. Weighted fusion is performed on the difference results, the high-order difference is assigned a smaller weight to avoid the influence from the high-frequency noise,and thus improve the anti-noise performance of the algorithm. The theoretical models and processing results of the field seismic data show that the algorithm can effectively improve the resolution of seismic data.