不同方式处理对重茬山药产量及感病程度的影响

Effects of Different Treatments on Yield and Disease Susceptibility of Continuous Cropping Yam

以‘大和长芋’为试材,通过对比棉隆消毒、微生物菌肥以及山药-大葱伴生的处理方式,探究不同处理方式对重茬山药块茎产量及感病程度的影响。结果表明,与对照相比棉隆消毒处理能显著增加山药块茎粗19.19,但对山药产量影响不大;微生物菌肥对山药的产量及病害防控效果较好,其中地衣芽孢杆菌对山药块茎粗增大具有明显效果,地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和EM菌均对山药块茎鲜质量和产量增加效果明显,地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和EM菌对山药块茎病害降低效果显著。山药-大葱伴生能显著降低山药病害程度,但对山药生长和产量影响效果不大。综合各项指标得出,枯草芽孢杆菌对重茬山药产量增加及感病程度防控效果较好,其山药块茎长、块茎鲜质量、产量分别较对照高出39.00%、85.22%、85.22%,病害程度降低97.07%,可以在生产上推广使用。

The effects of different treatment methods on the yield and disease susceptibility of continuous yam tubers were studied by comparing the treatment methods of millon disinfection,microbial fertilizer and yam green onion.The results showed that compared with the control,milong could significantly increase the tuber diameter of yam by 19.19%and significantly reduce the disease degree by 40.78%,but had little impact on the yield of yam.Microbial fertilizer had a good effect on the yield and disease prevention and control of yam:Bacillus licheniformis had an obvious effect on the thickening of yam tuber,B.licheniformis,B.subtilis and EM had an obvious effect on the fresh weight and yield of yam tuber,and B.licheniformis,B.subtilis,B.glialis and EM bacteria had significant effects on reducing the disease degree of yam tuber.The concomitant growth of yam and Chinese onion could significantly reduce the disease degree of yam,but had little effect on the growth and yield of yam.Based on various indicators,B.subtilis had a good effect on the increase of continuous yam yield and the prevention and control of disease susceptibility,the tuber length,fresh tuber quality and yield of yam were 39.00%,85.22%and 85.22%higher than those of the control respectively,and the disease degree was reduced by 97.07%,which could be popularized in production.