河谷型城市居民生活空间质量特征及社会效应——以兰州市为例

QUALITY EVALUATION AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF RESIDENTS’LIVING SPACE IN VALLEY CITY

城市居民高品质生活建设是推进新型城镇化、提升城市功能品质的有效途径。以兰州市为例,借助步行指数从安全性、健康性、便利性、舒适性和社会性五个维度构建城市生活空间质量指标体系,对兰州市河谷地区1221个居住小区生活空间质量及其产生的社会效应展开分析。结果表明:(1)兰州市城市综合生活空间质量整体偏低,呈“一主两次”的多核组团式空间结构,且具有“东高西低”的不均衡特征。(2)舒适性空间呈“高值—分散、低值—集中”;便利性空间呈多中心向外递减的趋势;健康性空间呈“中间高,两头低,高值偏东”格局;安全性空间呈河谷中心向外递减的趋势;社会性空间呈河谷中心高度集聚、边缘低值集中连片分布。(3)生活空间质量以中等质量生活空间、较低生活质量空间、低质量生活空间为主,较高生活质量次之,高质量生活空间最少。(4)兰州市生活空间质量分异产生了居民住房不平等与居住分异、资源配置失衡与空间剥夺、社会信任危机与社会隔离,以及居住区有机更新和空间重构等社会效应。

Taking Lanzhou city as an example,using the pedestrian index to construct an urban living space quality index system from five dimensions of safety,health,convenience,comfort and sociality,the paper investigated on the living space quality of 1,221 residential communities in the city and its social effects.The results showed that:(1)The overall quality of the urban comprehensive living space in Lanzhou was low,with a multi-core spatial structure of"one master twice",and an imbalanced feature of"high in the east and low in the west".(2)Comfort space presented"high value-dispersion,low value-concentration";convenience space presented a trend of decreasing outwards from multiple centers;health space presented a pattern of"high in the middle,low at both ends,high value eastward";safety space showed a trend of decreasing from a valley center to the outside;the social space was highly concentrated in the valley center and concentrated in a continuous distribution of low values on the edge.(3)The quality of living space was dominated by medium-quality living space,low-quality living space,and low-quality living space,followed by high-quality living space,and high-quality living space is the least.(4)The differentiation of living space quality in Lanzhou has produced social effects such as inequality of residential housing and isolation from residence,resource mismatch and space deprivation,lack of social trust and social isolation,and accelerated organic renewal of residential areas.