摘要
地震数据噪声压制技术有着广泛的应用需求。地震数据可以抽象地看成是由时距关系确定的地震同相轴与某种统计规律确定的随机噪声构成。以加权叠加为基础的经典统计滤波会影响地震数据中的同相轴信息,滤波效果不理想,所以需要依据地震数据的特征改进统计滤波器。统计滤波需跟踪地震同相轴,自适应地设计与区域地质特征相匹配的扁平窗函数。为此,提出一种沿同相轴方向的各向异性滤波器,在不同区域自适应地沿同相轴方向滤波,从而设计出适应地震数据变化规律的滤波器。合成数据和实际数据验证了该方法可以有效提高信噪比,并保持地震数据中同相轴的有效信息。根据信噪比、残差、误差曲线的定性和定量结果分析说明了统计滤波器应用的局限性。
Noise suppression technology of seismic data is in great demand for applications.In an abstract sense,seismic data can be considered as the composition of the seismic events determined by a certain time-distance relationship and the random noise determined by a certain statistical rule.The traditional statistical filtering based on weighted superposition often affects the event information in seismic data,which leads to unsatisfactory filtering effects.Therefore,the statistical filter should be improved according to the characteristics of seismic data.Filtering should be considered from a statistical perspective,and statistical filtering needs to track the seismic reflection events to adaptively design a flat window function that matches the geological characteristics of different regions.Therefore,we propose an anisotropic filter along the events to adaptively filters along the events in different regions,which conforms to the laws of seismic data.Then,synthetic data and real data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and retaining events.Finally,the quantitative and qualitative results of SNR,residual,and error curves are analyzed to state the application limitations of the statistical filter.
作者
宋肖楠
王华忠
杨锴
SONG Xiaonan;WANG Huazhong;YANG Kai(Wave Phenomenon and Intelligent Inversion Imaging Group(WPI),School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《石油地球物理勘探》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1057-1065,I0003,共10页
Oil Geophysical Prospecting
基金
国家重点研发计划“变革性技术关键科学问题”重点专项“多元信息联合驱动的地震成像方法研究”(2018YFA0702503)
国家重点研发计划“深海关键技术与装备”重点专项“深海油气地震勘探高精度速度建模技术”(2019YFC0312004)
国家自然科学基金项目“特征反射波波动理论层析反演与建模方法研究”(42174135)
“强散射介质中的波动方程线性化及速度反演”(42074143)
上海市浦江人才计划“基于高维多属性Markov状态转移框架的智能叠加速度反演方法研究“(20PJ1413500)联合资助。
关键词
滤波器设计
统计滤波器
同相轴方向
定量误差
信噪比
filter design
statistical filter
event direction
quantitative error
signal-to-noise ratio