山西省生态安全时空演变特征及影响因素

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of ecological security in Shanxi Province

基于压力-状态-响应模型(PSR),运用综合权重法对山西省2000—2018年的生态安全水平进行综合评价并分析其时空演变特征,采用Dagum基尼系数测度生态安全水平的区域差异与来源,利用空间计量模型进行影响因素探究。研究发现:2000—2018年山西省生态安全综合指数呈逐年增长趋势,生态环境改善明显,总体生态安全水平较低,不同行政单元尺度下增幅表现为省域>市域>县域。县域生态安全在空间上呈“带状”分布,呈现由中部向南北两侧递减的非均衡化空间格局,空间上集聚程度在增强。县域生态安全水平空间上存在非均衡性特征,非均衡性程度不断下降,空间差异的主要来源是子群间差异,并呈现明显的空间溢出效应,经济规模、人口密度、城镇化率、NDVI、高程是影响县域生态安全空间演变的关键因素。生态安全水平空间特征存在尺度效应,研究尺度越大,尺度效应的作用越大,需要在更大范围内维持生态系统功能的完整与可持续性的平衡。县域生态安全水平演化存在路径依赖现象,需创新发展模式摆脱路径依赖,实现路径突破。在经济发展的基础上维持生态系统相对稳定状态与人类社会经济持续发展之间的平衡,是促进区域生态安全水平提升,维持人与自然和谐相处的关键。

This paper evaluated the ecological security comprehensive index of Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2018,based on the“Pressure-State-Response”(PSR)model.It also analyzed its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics.The Dagum Gini coefficient was used to measure the regional differences and sources of the ecological security level,while the spatial measurement model was used to explore the influencing factors.The results show that the overall trend of ecological comprehensive index is rising,the ecological environment has a big improvement but the ecological security level is relatively low.At different administrative city scales,the increase of comprehensive index of ecological security decreases with the decrease of the administrative unit scales.The spatial distribution of county ecological security shows a band distribution.It presents a disequilibrium pattern decreasing from the middle to the north and south.The degree of spatial agglomeration is increasing.The level ecological security at county scale is spatially unbalanced,but the unbalance is declining.The regional difference is the main source of spatial overall differences.It presents obviously spatial spillover effect.Economic scale,population density,urbanization rate,NDVI and elevation are the key factors affecting the spatial evolution of county ecological security.The spatial characteristics of ecological security level has scale effect.The larger the research scale,the greater the scale effect.The balance between the integrity and sustainability of ecosystem functions needs to be maintained on a larger scale.The evolution of ecological security level at county scale has path dependence.It is necessary to innovate development models to get rid of path dependence,and achieve the path breakthrough.Maintaining a balance between the relatively stable state of the ecosystem and the sustained development of human society and economy on the basis of economic development is the key to promote the level of regional ecological security and maintain the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.