高校“专创融合”何以可能——基于二者本质特点与关系的分析

Why the Integration of Professional Education and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities Is Possible: Analysis Based on the Essential Characteristics and Relationship between the Two

高校专业教育与创业教育融合问题不仅是高等教育学界的一个实践问题,同时也是一个理论问题。虽然人们承认高校专业教育与创业教育只有融合发展才能切实有效推动我国创新创业人才的高质量发展,但未能回答并确定何为二者融合的基础。通过对高校专业教育与创业教育本质特点的分析发现,二者既相互区别又彼此联系,但其本质都共同指向“创新”。高校专业教育中的“创新”与创业教育中的“创新”作为大学知识属性的两种不同表现形式,前者强调知识的科学属性,而后者则更加注重知识的应用属性。但无论怎样,科学研究最终还是要落实到解决现实问题的层面,即便是最基础的研究,也蕴含着在未来向应用转化的可能。因此,高校创业教育中的“创新”从根本上说需要更多地来源于专业教育,这一判断为进一步推进高校专业教育与创业教育在实践层面的融合提供了可能的方向与选择。

The integration of professional education and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is not only a practical problem in the field of higher education, but also a theoretical issue. Although it is acknowledged that only the integration of professional education and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities can effectively promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship talents in China, the basis for the integration of the two is not clear yet. Through the analysis of the essential characteristics of professional education and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, it is found that they are both different and related, with their essence both pointing to "innovation". The "innovation" in professional education and the "innovation" in entrepreneurship education are two different forms of knowledge attribute of university. The former emphasizes the scientific attribute of knowledge, while the latter pays more attention to the applied attribute of knowledge. However, scientific research should ultimately be implemented to solve practical problems. Even the most basic research may be transformed into applications in the future. Therefore, the "innovation" in entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities fundamentally needs to be more derived from professional education. This judgment provides possible directions and choices for further promoting the integration of professional education and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities at the practical level.