论村干部对政策的拓展性执行

On the Expanding Implementation of Policies by Village Cadres

拓展性执行是指政策执行主体在一定的价值理念引导下,在政策实施准备、政策宣传、政策全面推行等过程中,通过主动加码政策内容、增加执行环节和程序等手段,将政策目标转化为实际结果的行动过程。从乡村新冠肺炎疫情防控案例来看,不少地方的村干部对相关政策规定进行了拓展性执行,具体表现在增强村民风险感知、添加政策内容、以地方性知识和负向激励为执行策略、引导村民理性和非理性地集体行动等层面。在执行效应上,拓展性执行可能带来超强的政策产出和预期的政策结果,但在某些情况下也会产生消极的政策影响。拓展性执行的生成是风险感知的主观性、政策问题的政治性、村干部的能动性等多种因素交互作用的结果。当前,要着力从提升村干部的政治素质和危机治理能力,积极落实基层减负政策,深化政策认同、畅通政策对象的参与渠道等方面共同发力,有效地预防和化解拓展性执行的消极影响。

Extensive implementation refers to the action process in which the policy implementation subject,under the guidance of a certain value concept,actively increases the policy content,adds implementation links and procedures and other means to translate the policy objectives into actual results in the process of policy implementation preparation,policy publicity,and comprehensive implementation of policies.From the perspective of rural COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control cases,village cadres in many places have extended the implementation of relevant policies and regulations,which are embodied in enhancing villagers'risk perception,adding policy content,using local knowledge and negative incentives as implementation strategies,and guiding villagers to take rational and irrational collective actions.In terms of the implementation effect,the expanded implementation may bring super policy output and expected policy results,but in some cases it may also have negative policy effects.The generation of expansionary execution is the result of the interaction of many factors,such as the subjectivity of risk perception,the political nature of policy issues,and the initiative of village cadres.At present,efforts should be made to improve the political quality and crisis management ability of village cadres,actively implement the burden reduction policy at the grassroots level,deepen policy recognition,and unblock the participation channels of policy objects,so as to effectively prevent and resolve the negative impact of expansionary implementation.