“布扎”与现代主义的融合——从《浙江民居》看一种中国民居研究方法

Fusion of“Beaux-Arts”and Modernism:A Research Method of Chinese Traditional Residence through Zhejiang Vernacular Architecture

在中国民居研究的发展历程中,1960年代编写的《浙江民居》作为重要的民居研究著作,影响一直延续至今,但该著作的研究方法的形成背景及其历史价值仍有待挖掘。采用历史文本研究法,以该书的编写目的、编写与调研人员的教育背景为切入点,探究《浙江民居》的研究路径。研究表明,该书以“布扎”体系的“构图”“要素”与“构图法则”的视角对民居的建筑、村镇等多尺度要素进行了拆分和分类整理,并与功能、空间、体形环境等现代主义设计观念相结合,形成了一种民居研究的新方法,体现了研究团队建筑师们的设计思想。

In the development of the study of Chinese vernacular architecture,Zhejiang Vernacular Architecture,as a recognized book compiled in the 1960s,has had a lasting influence.But its formation background and historical value still need to be explored.With the purpose of the book and the educational background of the writers and researchers as the point of departure,this paper explores the research approach of Zhejiang Vernacular Architecture through historical textual analysis.It shows that the book divides and classifies the multi-scale elements of vernacular architecture,villages and towns from the perspective of“composition”“elements”and“primary rules”of“Beaux-Arts”,and combines the function,space and physical environment of modernism,which reflects a new method of vernacular architecture research and the design ideas of architects in the research team at that time.