功能性氢键有机框架设计组装的研究进展

Research Progress on Design and Assembly of Functional Hydrogen-bond Organic Frameworks

氢键有机框架(HOFs)由预设的分子模块通过氢键自组装而成,正迅速发展成为一类新型多孔晶态材料。与其他多孔晶态材料相比,HOFs具有纯化简单、结晶度高、溶液可处理性和易于再生等独特优势,但HOFs中较弱的氢键相互作用会影响其稳定性,进而制约其应用。为此,提炼出4种良好稳定性和永久孔隙率HOFs的组装策略,综述其在气体吸附与分离、手性拆分、传感、质子传导、催化等领域的应用研究,并对其分子设计和功能应用进行展望。未来可通过研究增加客体分子与构建单元的相互作用、引入疏水性的氟化基团、选择刚性的构建单元和建立多个氢键位点等策略构建具有大表面积和高稳定性的HOFs;HOFs有望在仿生酶、能源催化、新型表面材料及功能化纺织品多孔涂层等新领域得到进一步发展。

Hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials(HOFs),self-assembled from pre-defined molecularmodulesby hydrogen bonding,are rapidly developed into a new class of porous crystallinematerials.In addition to sharing characteristics with other porous crystalline materials,HOFs have unique advantages withsimple purification,high crystallinity,solution handlability and ease of regeneration.However,the weaker hydrogen bond interactions in HOFs affect their stability,which in turn restricts their application.In this review,four assembly strategies for the construction of HOFs with good stability and permanent porosity are concluded,and their applications in gas adsorption and separation,chiral separation,sensing,proton conduction,and catalysis are also reviewed.Meanwhile,the molecular design and functional application are prospected.In the future,HOFs with large surface area and high stability can be constructed by increasing the interaction between the guest molecule and building block,introducing hydrophobic fluorinated groups,selecting rigid building blocks and establishing multiple hydrogen bonding sites.Moreover,further research endeavors will be focused on their practical applications in biomimetic enzymes,energy catalysis,next generation surface materials,porous coatings for functional textiles and other new fields.