面向剧烈塑性变形的几种挤压成形技术

Several extrusion technologies for severe plastic deformation

为了实现大尺寸块体材料的制备或高性能零构件的成形,近年来开发了面向剧烈塑性变形的挤压成形技术。总结了近年来开发的扩收挤压、循环镦挤、旋转反挤压这3种挤压成形新技术,分别阐述了其基本原理、工艺过程及变形特点,介绍了3种挤压成形新技术在铝、镁合金材料或典型产品上的应用,并提出需进一步解决的问题。研究结果和应用实践均表明,循环镦挤工艺可实现大规格、高质量变形坯料的制备,扩收挤压工艺可应用于底部带中心孔的大型薄壁筒形零件的成形,旋转反挤压工艺可实现杯形构件的高性能短流程成形。

To realize the preparation of large-scale bulk materials or the forming of high performance components,the extrusion forming technology for severe plastic deformation(SPD)were developed in recent years,and the three new extrusion technologies,including expanding-reducing extrusion(ERE),repetitive extrusion-upsetting(REU)and rotating backward extrusion(RBE)were summarized in recent years.Then,the basic principle,technological process and deformation characteristics were described,the applications of the three new extrusion technologies in aluminum and magnesium alloy materials or typical products were introduced,and the problems that need to be solved were put forward.The research results and the applied practice show that the REU technology can realize the preparation of large size and high quality deformed billets,the ERE technology are used to form large thin-walled cylindrical parts with center hole at the bottom,and the RBE technology can realize short process forming of cup components with high performance.