变形与预时效对建筑铝型材显微组织与性能的影响

Influence of deformation and pre-aging on microstructure and properties for architectural aluminum profiles

采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机、电化学工作站等手段,研究了变形和预时效对建筑用6061铝合金型材显微组织、硬度、拉伸性能和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在传统的固溶和时效(G+S)处理工艺间增加变形和预时效可以缩短峰值硬度出现的时间,且硬度会有不同程度的提高;相较于G+S态6061铝合金,固溶+30%变形+时效(G+30%B+S)、固溶+60%变形+时效(G+60%B+S)和固溶+预时效+60%变形+时效(G+YS+60%B+S)态6061铝合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度均有不同程度的提高,断后伸长率有不同程度的减小,耐蚀性从高至低的顺序为G+60%B+S>G+30%B+S>G+YS+60%B+S;相同的时效时间下,电导率从小至大的顺序为G+60%B+S<G+30%B+S<G+YS+60%B+S<G+S。变形和预时效+变形有助于提高G+S态6061铝合金的硬度和强度,但预时效会降低G+60%B+S态6061铝合金的耐蚀性。

The influences of deformation and pre-aging on the microstructure,hardness,tensile properties and corrosion resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles for construction were studied by means of metallographic microscope,tensile testing machine and electrochemical workstation.The results show that adding deformation and pre-aging between the traditional solution and aging(G+S)treatment processes can shorten the time of peak hardness appearance,and the hardness is improved to different degrees.Compared with 6061 aluminum alloy in G+S state,the tensile strength and yield strength of 6061 aluminum alloy in solid solution+30%deformation+aging(G+30%B+S),solid solution+60%deformation+aging(G+60%B+S)and solid solution+pre-aging+60%deformation+aging(G+YS+60%B+S)state are improved to varying degrees,and the elongation after fracture is decreased to varying degrees.The order of corrosion resistance from high to low is G+60%B+S>G+30%B+S>G+YS+60%B+S.Under the same aging time,the order of conductivity from small to large is G+60%B+S<G+30%B+S<G+YS+60%B+S<G+S.The deformation and pre-aging+deformation are helpful to improve the hardness and strength of 6061 aluminum alloy in G+S state,but the pre-aging reduces the corrosion resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy in G+60%B+S state.