抗小贯松村叶蝉和茶棍蓟马的茶树种质筛选及其抗性相关因素分析

Screening of Tea Germplasm Resistant to Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner and Analysis of Resistance-related Factors

探讨不同茶树品种对小贯松村叶蝉(Matsumurasca onukii)和茶棍蓟马(Dendrothrips minowai Priesner)的抗性,为抗虫茶树品种的选育和推广提供科学依据。以11个茶树品种紫娟、水仙、梅占、白鸡冠、瑞香、奇兰、黄玫瑰、白牡丹、黄棪、大红袍、黄观音为供试材料,采用五点取样法对田间种群密度进行调查,并进行茶树植物学形态特征调查,以及叶片组织结构测定、化学成分检测,明确茶树物理性状、化学成分与抗虫性之间的相关性。结果显示,按抗小贯松村叶蝉的强弱,11个茶树品种可分为4类,第Ⅰ类:紫娟,感虫(S);第Ⅱ类:梅占、黄棪、奇兰、水仙、白牡丹,中感(MS);第Ⅲ类:瑞香、大红袍、黄观音、黄玫瑰,中抗(MR);第Ⅳ类:白鸡冠,抗(R)。按抗茶棍蓟马的强弱也可将其分为4类,第Ⅰ类:黄玫瑰,感虫(S);第Ⅱ类:瑞香、白鸡冠,中感(MS);第Ⅲ类:黄观音、奇兰,中抗(MR);第Ⅳ类:白牡丹、黄棪、大红袍、梅占、紫娟、水仙,抗(R)。结合相关分析显示,小贯松村叶蝉总虫口数与11个茶树品种的花青素含量、GCG含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与上角质层厚度/叶片厚度、下角质层厚度/叶片厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与游离氨基酸总量、栅栏组织厚度、上表皮厚度、上表皮厚度/叶片厚度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。叶长与茶棍蓟马总发生量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),且小贯松村叶蝉的总虫口数与茶棍蓟马总虫口数显著负相关(P<0.05)。综合分析得出,大红袍茶树品种和黄观音茶树品种对小贯松村叶蝉和茶棍蓟马均存在一定抗性,是值得推广的茶树良种。调查结果还发现小贯松村叶蝉和茶棍蓟马之间存在同期交替为害茶树的现象。

The resistance of different tea cultivars against Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner was explored to provide a scientific basis for the breeding and promotion of insect resistant tea cultivars.Taking 11 tea cultivars(Zijuan,Shuixian,Meizhan,Baijiguan,Ruixiang,Qilan,Huangguanyin,Baimudan,Huangyuanyin,Dahongpao and Huangguanyin)as the test materials,the field population was investigated by five-point sampling method.Through investigation of field population density and tea plant morphological characteristics,determination of leaf tissue structure and detection of chemical composition,the relationship among physical properties,chemical components and insect resistance of tea plants was analyzed.The results show that 11 tea cultivars could be divided into 4 categories according to their resistance to M.onukii.category:Zijuan,Ⅰinsect-susceptible(S),categoryⅡ:Meizhan,Huangdan,Qilan,Shuixian,Baimudan,middle susceptible(MS),categoryⅢ:Ruixiang,Dahongpao,Huang guanyin,Huangmeigui,middle resistant(MR),category:ⅣBaijiguan,resistant(R).According to the strength of resistance to D.minowai Priesner,it can also be divided into 4 categories,category:Huangmeigui,insectⅠ-susceptible(S),categoryⅡ:Ruixiang,Baijiguan,moderate sensitivity(MS),category:HuanⅢg Guanyin,Qilan,middle resistant(MR),category:Baimudan,ⅣHuangdan,Dahongpao,Meizhan,Zijuan,Shuixian,resistant(R).Combined with correlation analysis,the total number of M.onukii was highly significantly and positively correlated with the anthocyanin content and GCG content of 11 tea cultivars(P<0.01),and significantly and positively correlated with upper cuticle thickness/leaf thickness and lower cuticle thickness/leaf thickness(P<0.05).However,it was significantly and negatively correlated with free amino acids,palisade tissue thickness,upper epidermis thickness and upper epidermis thickness/leaf thickness(P<0.05).There was a significantly negative correlation between leaf length and the total number of D.minowai Priesner(P<0.05),and the total number of M.onukii was significantly and negatively correlated with the total number of D.minowai Priesner(P<0.05).After comprehensive evaluation,the tea cultivars of Dahongpao and Huangguanyin have certain resistance to M.onukii and D.minowai Priesner,which are worthy of promotion.Meanwhile,there was a phenomenon that M.onukii and D.minowai Priesner alternately damage the tea plants in the same period.