初探西藏印章的种类及特征

A Brief Look at the Types and Characteristics of Tibetan Seals

本文根据汉藏史料文献和相关印章资料,以布达拉宫、西藏博物馆等西藏文物收藏单位的印章为主要研究对象,梳理分析了大量的印章类文物、档案、印谱、文献信息,再通过文物实物和文献资料相互印证比较的方法,分析研究了西藏古代印章的发展演变及其特征。文章首先阐述了藏文“印章tham ga”一词的由来和发展演变,归纳了西藏印章的类别及其使用范围;其次,对西藏印章造型及其所体现的民族特征进行了分析归纳;再次,对印文的字体、文种进行梳理,分析了西藏印章中所体现的汉、藏、满、蒙等多民族的文化符号及其演变历程;最后,对印章使用印色及其使用人群做了简要分析。全文始终以印章为主题,讲述了中华民族共同文化符号在西藏印章上的具体体现。

By basing on Tibetan and Chinese historical documents and combining seals that are collected at the Potala Palace, Tibet Musuem, as well as other related institutions, this article briefly introduces the evolving of Tibetan seals and their characteristics during each stage.It casts its main focus on analysing the characteristics, classification and historical background of Tibetan seals. The article first expounds the origin and development of the Tibetan word “tham ga”, and summarizes the types and scope of use of Tibetan seals;Secondly, it analyzes and summarizes the Tibetan seals modeling and its ethnic characteristics;Sort out the font and language of the seal, and analyze the cultural symbols of Han, Tibetan, Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic groups embodied in the Tibetan seals and their evolution process;Finally, Ink color of seal and its users are briefly analyzed. The full text always takes the Tibetan seals as the theme, telling the concrete embodiment of the common cultural symbols of the Chinese nation on the Tibetan seals.