PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染协同防控区的遥感精细划定与分析

Regionalization and Analysis of PM_(2.5) and O_(3)Synergetic Prevention and Control Areas Based on Remote Sensing Data

针对地面站点监测数据难以支撑大气PM_(2.5)与O_(3)污染防控区边界划定的问题,融合大气污染浓度遥感估算建模与GIS统计分析模型,提出了一种基于PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度遥感估算结果的协同防控区精细划定方法,开展了2015~2020年月和年尺度的全国PM_(2.5)与O_(3)污染协同防控成效定量分析与防控区精细划定研究.结果表明,2015~2020年,我国PM_(2.5)浓度总体下降显著但O_(3)浓度基本持平,PM_(2.5)污染在秋冬超标严重,O_(3)污染则在春夏;同时PM_(2.5)与O_(3)浓度变化在空间上的不一致性显著,其中PM_(2.5)下降且O_(3)上升、PM_(2.5)与O_(3)均下降、PM_(2.5)与O_(3)均上升和PM_(2.5)上升O_(3)下降的面积占比分别为38.34%、35.12%、15.24%和10.89%.遥感精细划定范围显示,PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同防控区域的边界具有显著动态变化特征,在时间变化上呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势,主体范围集中在"2+26"城市、汾渭平原、长三角北部和山东半岛.以PM_(2.5)或O_(3)单一防控为主的区域范围较为稳定,辽吉、鄂湘赣、成渝和塔克拉玛干沙漠-河西走廊区域需以PM_(2.5)防控为主,珠三角、长三角和环渤海湾部分区域则应以O_(3)防控为主.基于卫星遥感手段的PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同防控区域边界精细划定方法可更好辅助国家PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同防控策略制定需求.

Site-based air pollution monitoring data cannot support the regionalization of air pollution prevention and control areas.Faced with this problem,this study proposed a method of regionalizing synergetic prevention and control areas based on multi-source remote sensing data and GIS spatial statistical analysis methods and carried out quantitative analyses of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)air pollution in China from 2015 to 2020.The results showed that there was an obvious decrease in PM_(2.5)concentrations,and O_(3)concentrations remained stable;PM_(2.5)pollution mostly occurred in autumn and winter,and O_(3)pollution occurred in spring and summer.A significant spatial inconsistency was shown between the change rate of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations,in which the proportions of PM_(2.5)decreasing and O_(3)increasing,PM_(2.5)and O_(3)both decreasing,PM_(2.5)and O_(3)both increasing,and PM_(2.5)increasing and O_(3)decreasing accounted for 38.34%,35.12%,15.24%,and 10.89%,respectively.The results also showed that the boundary of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)synergetic prevention and control areas was dynamic during 2015 and 2020,showing a trend of expanding from 2015 to 2018 and then becoming smaller after 2019.Generally,the scope of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)synergetic prevention and control areas was concentrated in"2+26"cities,Fenwei plain,north of the Yangtze River Delta,and Shandong.In contrast,the regional scopes of"PM_(2.5)first"and"O_(3)first"were relatively stable.Areas of"PM_(2.5)first"were mainly carried out in Liaoning-Jilin,Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi,Chengdu-Chongqing,and Taklimakan-Hexi Corridor,whereas"O_(3)first"areas were mainly in specific regions of the Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta,and surrounding areas of Bohai Bay.Remote sensing-based PM_(2.5)and O_(3)mapping has the advantages of full-coverage and fine spatial simulation,which can support the regionalization of synergetic prevention and control areas and implementation of policies.