天基红外预警系统扫描相机预警探测能力研究

Research on early warning and detection capability of scanning camera of space-based infrared system

随着2021年5月第5颗地球静止轨道卫星完成部署,整个天基红外系统所有卫星接近部署完成,其对地的监视能力有了大幅提升。文中在大量查阅有关文献和公开报道的基础上,对天基红外系统所有9颗在轨卫星的扫描相机进行了综合性能分析。首先,根据扫描相机的探测器体制以及飞行轨道特性,对其扫描成像体制进行分析,计算获得了所有9颗在轨卫星扫描相机的光学系统参数、探测器参数、地面分辨率、灵敏度等关键参数的估计值。其次,对天基红外系统大椭圆轨道卫星的飞行特性及其对地监视任务的综合分析研究表明,其最优在轨运行方式为两两同步,且单个轨道两颗卫星相差1/4周期;对天基红外系统地球静止轨道卫星的飞行特性及其对地监视任务的综合分析研究表明,东北半球中纬度地区至少有两颗卫星处于优良对地观测位置。最后,根据弹道导弹尾焰辐射特性以及天基红外系统扫描相机的探测参数,计算分析了所有在轨卫星对导弹尾焰最低观测高度,结果表明:东半球北纬40°地区,可同时被4颗以上卫星监视,且部分星载相机具备弹道导弹的点火时刻探测能力。

With the completion of the deployment of the fifth geostationary satellite in May 2021, all satellites of the entire space-based infrared system are nearly depolyed, and the system’s ability to monitor the ground is greatly improved. Based on a large number of relevant literature and public reports, a comprehensive performance analysis of the scanning cameras of all 9 orbiting satellites of the space-based infrared system is carried out. First of all, according to the detector system of the scanning camera and flight-trace characteristics, this paper analyzes its scanning imaging system and calculates estimated values of such key parameters as optical system parameters,detector parameters, ground resolution and sensitivity of all 9 orbiting satellites’ scanning cameras. Secondly, to comprehensively analysis and research on the flight characteristics of space-based infrared system satellites in large elliptical orbits and their ground surveillance missions, this paper proves that the optimal in-orbit operation mode is pairwise synchronization, and the difference between the two satellites in a single orbit is 1/4 period. A comprehensive analysis of the flight characteristics and ground monitoring missions of the space-based infrared system geostationary satellites shows that at least two satellites are in good ground observation positions in the mid-latitudes of the northeastern hemisphere. Finally, according to the radiation characteristics of the ballistic missile plume and the detection parameters of the space-based infrared system scanning cameras, the minimum observation height of the missile plume by all orbiting satellites is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the 40°N latitude area in the Eastern Hemisphere can be monitored by more than 4 satellites at the same time, and some satellite-borne cameras have the ability to detect the ignition timing of ballistic missiles.