投入贸易自由化、偏向性技术进步与企业生产率

Input-trade Liberalization,Biased Technological Change,and Firm Productivity

基于偏向性技术进步视角,本文从理论与实证两个层面分析了投入贸易自由化对企业生产率的影响,证明了投入要素相对价格变化能够激励企业进行有选择的研发决策,引致偏向性技术进步,促进企业生产率增长。实证结果发现,1998—2007年中国制造业企业投入要素存在总互补关系,技术进步整体偏向中间投入;投入贸易自由化促进了企业劳动、中间投入增强型技术进步以及生产率增长,延缓了资本增强型技术进步,这主要是因为投入贸易自由化降低了资本使用者成本和中间品价格,提高了劳动工资;研发投资是劳动、资本增强型技术进步的重要源泉。本文将技术进步内生化,揭示了投入贸易自由化影响企业生产率增长的一个机制,并且提供了实际证据,补充了贸易自由化的相关研究。

This paper investigates theoretically and empirically the impact of input-trade liberalization on firm productivity from the perspective of biased technological change.This paper demonstrates the change in domestic relative factor prices will encourage firms to increase R&D inputs.This lead to biased technological change,which in turn promotes productivity growth.The empirical findings show that the input factors are gross complements.The technological change of Chinese industrial firms is generally biased to intermediate input in 1998-2007.Input-trade liberalization promotes the growth of labor-augmenting,intermediate-input-augmenting technology,and productivity while stunting the growth of capital-augmenting technology.This is because input-trade liberalization reduces the cost of using capital and intermediate input,and increases labor wage.The R&D input is an important source of capital-and labor-augmenting technological change.This paper endogenizes technological change,reveals an impact mechanisms by which input-trade liberalization affects firm productivity growth,and provides practical evidence that complements research on trade liberalization.