贸易中介与企业出口质量选择——基于中国企业出口数据的研究

Trade Intermediaries and Firms'Export Quality:An Analysis Based on China's Firm Export Data

本文利用中国海关数据、工业企业数据以及中国投入产出表构建贸易中介密集度指标,对贸易中介与企业出口质量升级的关系进行理论分析和实证检验;通过引入贸易中介拓展已有理论框架,发现进口贸易中介的价格加成和企业技术吸收能力是影响企业出口质量的重要因素。实证研究发现:贸易中介对非直接进口企业的出口质量提升有显著的积极作用;但是,当企业能够消化进口贸易成本时,直接进口是最优的投入方式。进一步以金融危机为准自然实验,本文证明了贸易中介具有危机阻断作用。本文结果表明培育专业的贸易中介,引导企业合理利用贸易中介优化进口投入是提升非直接进口企业出口竞争力的有效途径。

This paper constructs trade intermediary intensity indicators using Chinese Customs Trade Statistics,China Industrial Firms Data and China Input-Output Table,and conducts theoretical analysis and empirical tests on the relationship between trade intermediaries and firms'export quality upgrading.After introducing the existing theoretical framework of trade intermedi-ary,we find that the price markup of import trade intermediaries and the technological absorption capacity of enterprises are important factors affecting the export quality of enterprises.Empirical research shows that trade intermediaries have a significantly positive effect on export quality of non-direct importing firms.However,when the import trade cost can be absorbed,direct import is the optimal input method for firms.The crisis-blocking effect of trade intermediaries is further verified by a quasi-natural experiment of the financial crisis in 2008.The results of this paper suggest that nurturing professional trade intermediaries and guiding enterprises to make rational use of trade intermediaries to optimize import inputs is an effective way to enhance the competitiveness of firms'exports.