世界主要国家和地区应对新冠肺炎疫情科技创新政策工具研究

A Study on STI Policy Instruments of Major Countries and Regions in Response to COVID-19

新冠肺炎疫情全球暴发以来,世界各国将科技创新作为应对危机的重要行动,纷纷出台政策措施支持全社会从事科技创新。本文基于经济与合作组织的新冠病毒科技创新政策数据库信息,对56个国家和地区出台的935条应对新冠肺炎疫情的科技创新政策进行梳理分析,从政策工具的视角剖析了28种政策工具,并对主要类别政策工具和典型国家的相关政策进行了介绍。研究发现,新冠肺炎疫情激发了世界各国科技创新政策的调整和突破,或对后疫情时代的科技创新政策产生长远影响。本文建议我国借鉴国外做法,加强政策开放性,强化政策融通与协调,重视科学决策,提升后疫情时代科技创新的治理水平。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,many countries have taken science,technology and innovation(STI)as important response to the crisis,and introduced policy measures to support STI activities.Based on the information from OECD STIP COVID-19 Watch database,this paper sorted out and analyzed 935 STI policies issued by 56 countries and regions in response to COVID-19,illustrated 28 categories of policy instruments,and introduced the relevant policies of typical countries.The study found the COVID-19 pandemic has inspired reform and innovation of STI policies around the world,which may have a long-term impact on STI policies in the post-pandemic era.The paper suggested that China could learn from foreign practices,improve policy openness,integration and coordination,attach more importance to scientific decision-making,and improve the governance of STI in the post-epidemic era.