中国商业银行全球化发展的新效应

New Impacts for the Globalization of China’s Commercial Banks

商业银行全球化是中国扩大金融开放、提高金融话语权的重要抓手,也是中国实体企业“走出去”的重要金融保障。党的十八大以来,中国商业银行的全球化水平得到显著提升,境外网点布局日臻完善,资产规模显著增长,但由业务模式较为单一导致的盈利能力短板仍需加强。近年来,在市场扩张效应边际递减规律作用下,以及新冠肺炎疫情叠加地缘政治冲击,中国商业银行的境外扩张速度明显放缓。总体来看,商业银行全球化在提升中国银行国际竞争力、拓展境外市场、推动中资企业“走出去”、服务“一带一路”倡议、助力人民币国际化、推动中国参与国际金融监管规则制定等方面发挥了重要作用。在全球化发展过程中,中国商业银行应贯彻国家发展战略,优化银行全球化布局;打造自身特色,做强境外资产,丰富境外业务模式;积极应对国际政治经济格局的新变化,提前做好预判和应对预案。

The globalization of commercial banks is an important way for China to expand its financial opening up and enhance its financial discourse,as well as an essential guarantee for Chinese enterprises to “go global”.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the globalization level of China’s commercial banks has been significantly improved,the layout of overseas branches has been perfected,and the scale of assets has been expanded significantly,but the shortcomings of lower profitability caused by the single business model still need to be strengthened.In recent years,due to the law of diminishing marginal utility in market expansion and the geopolitical impact of COVID-19,the overseas expansion of China’s commercial banks has slowed down.From the perspective of overall,the globalization of commercial banks has played an important role in enhancing international competitiveness of China’s commercial banks,expanding the overseas markets of China’s commercial banks,promoting the “going global” of Chinese enterprises,serving the Belt and Road Initiative,helping the internationalization of renminbi,and promoting China’s participation in international financial regulatory rules.Commercial banks are advised to follow the national development strategies and optimize their globalization layout;build on their own characteristics,strengthen their profitability of overseas branch and enrich their overseas business models;and actively respond to new changes in the international political and economic landscape and make predictions and preparations in advance.