粤港澳大湾区技术创新特征及其演化路径

Characteristics and evolution path of technological innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

粤港澳大湾区定位为具有全球影响力的国际科技创新中心,其技术创新活动深刻影响中国参与全球技术创新的竞争和合作。论文基于演化经济地理学的技术(知识)异质性视角,使用包括申请人地址和专利分类号的2001—2016年粤港澳大湾区授权发明专利数据,通过运用分布拟合、技术空间可视化和Logit回归模型等方法,对其技术创新特征及其路径演化进行深入剖析。研究结果表明:①粤港澳大湾区的技术创新类别呈现幂律分布,集中在电通信及计算等少数技术类别,存在马太效应,技术的路径依赖较强。技术创新的跨产业“产品—零部件/软件—新产品(新产业)”和产业链上游“产品—零部件—基础材料”的关联拓展带动了区域的产业升级。②粤港澳大湾区各城市的技术演化路径存在较大差异,深圳在专注核心技术的同时,进行相关多样化;广州从其强势的医学转向电通信及计算技术,进行非相关多样化。粤港澳大湾区的区域创新趋于同质,未来需要进一步促进城市间创新协同。对比现有文献,论文提出技术创新路径受到所在区域技术创新特征的强烈影响,当前全球—地方(城市)视角研究需要加入区域尺度。

Positioned as an international scientific and technological innovation center with global influence,the technological innovation activities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)profoundly affect China's participation in the global competition and cooperation in technological innovation.Based on the technological(knowledge)heterogeneity perspective of evolutionary economic geography,this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the characteristics and path evolution of technological innovation in the GBA by using the data of granted invention patents with applicant addresses and international patent classifications,and the methods of distribution fitting,technology space visualization,and logit regression model.The results show that:1)The technological innovation categories in the GBA present a power-law distribution,concentrated in a few technology categories such as electronic communication technology and computing,which indicates a Matthew effect and strong path dependence.The cross-industrial product-component/software-new product(new industry)and upstream product-component-basic material relatedness of technological innovation have driven the transformation and upgrading of the region.2)The technological evolution paths of the cities in the GBA differ significantly,with Shenzhen carrying out a related diversification while focusing on core technologies;Guangzhou shifting from its strength in medicine to electronic communication and computing technologies and diversifying into unrelated areas of technology.Regional innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area tends to be homogeneous,and there is a need to further promote innovation synergy among cities in the future.Last but not the least,in comparison with the existing literature,this article proposes that technological innovation paths are strongly influenced by the characteristics of the region in which they are located.The regional scale should not be ignored in the current studies with global-local(city)perspectives.