论基本民事权利保护与人权保障的关系

On the Relationship between the Protection of Basic Civil Rights and the Safeguard for Human Rights

人权具有整体性,基本民事权利保护是人权保障的重要组成。基于各项人权之间的相互联系,依据我国宪法的规定,国家义务包括消极防御义务和积极保障义务。基本民事权利保护坚持人权的人民性,实现人权的全民共享、平等共享和广泛充分。据此,我国民法典明确民事权利主体的普遍性,促进基本民事权利保护的形式和实质平等,加强对人身权、财产权和人格权的民法保障。基于人权的发展性,要随着高科技和市场的发展而不断完善对基本民事权利的具体保护规则,在整体上要坚持多元综合治理机制。

Human rights constitute an integrated concept.The protection of basic civil rights is part of the protection of human rights,and focuses on the connections among various human rights.The state thus has both passive defensive obligations and positive safeguarding obligations according to the constitutional law.The protection of basic civil rights holds that human rights are for all people,so it is necessary for all people to equally,widely,and sufficiently share their rights.The“People’s Republic China Civil Code”clarifies the universality of the subjects of civil rights,promotes the formal and substantive equality in the protection of civil rights,and strengthens the safeguard of civil law for personal,property,and personalistic rights.Based on the developmental nature of human rights,it is necessary to continuously improve the specific protective rules for basic civil rights with the development of modern technology and market economy,and to adhere to the mechanism of pluralistic and comprehensive governance in general.