污水处理系统微生物群落时空分布和构建机制研究进展

ADVANCES IN SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND ASSEMBLY MECHANISMS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

探索微生物群落时空分布和构建机制一直是环境微生物生态学研究的目标和挑战。近年来,微生物生态学规律和理论逐渐在工程系统中得到应用,分类群-面积关系、分类群-时间关系和距离-衰减效应等规律已在污水处理系统的微生物群落分布中得到验证。随着研究的发展,微生物时空分布研究已从群落分布规律的发现和描述,拓展到驱动群落分布的因素,即群落构建机制的探索。介绍了污水处理系统微生物群落时空分布规律和构建机制的研究进展,并对未来的方向进行了展望,强调了将生态理论和工程实践相结合的重要性。未来应在污水处理系统核心微生物研究、微生物群落的生物多样性、构建机制与污水处理性能的关联、多组学技术在微生物时空分布和构建机制研究中的应用等方面有所突破。

Exploring the spatial-temporal distribution and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities have always been the goal and challenge in environmental microbial ecology. In recent years, the patterns and theories of microbial ecology have been gradually applied to engineering systems. Taxa-area relationship, taxa-time relationship, and distance decay effect have been verified in the microbial community distribution of wastewater treatment systems. In addition, microbial spatial-temporal distribution has been expanded from the discovery and description of community distribution to the driving factors identification that shape community distribution, i.e., the community assembly mechanisms. Here, we reviewed the spatial-temporal distribution and assembly mechanisms of the microbial community in wastewater treatment systems and foresee future development. We emphasized the importance of combining ecological theory with engineering practices. In the future, breakthroughs can be made in the relationships among microbial biodiversity, assembly mechanisms, and wastewater treatment performance;core taxa and rare biosphere research;and the exploitation of microbial spatio-temporal distribution and assembly mechanisms using multi-omics technology.