中国国家公园特征及对保护地发展的启示

Characteristics of National Parks in China and Its Enlightenment to the Development of Protected Areas

中国新设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、武夷山、海南热带雨林5个国家公园,其在空间分布、规划范围、保护目的、功能分区、机构设置和管理方式等方面优势特征明显;在历史文化、河湖海洋、鸟类鱼类的保护方面稍显不足。据此,文章对比之前设立的国家公园体制试点和其他保护地,研究提出各保护地的发展方向和问题解决方式,以期推动中国自然生态和历史文化保护地整体和全面发展。

China has newly established five national parks,Sanjiangyuan National Park,Panda National Park,Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park,Wuyishan National Park and National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest,which have obvious advantages in spatial distribution,planning scope,protection purpose,functional zoning,institutional setting and management mode;the protection of history and culture,rivers,lakes and oceans,birds and fish is slightly insufficient.Based on this,compared with the previously established national park system pilot and other protected areas,this paper studies and puts forward the development direction and problem-solving methods of each protected area,in order to promote the overall and all-round development of China’s natural ecology,history and culture protected areas.