教师教育惩戒的育人动机及伦理规范

The Educational Motivation and Ethical Norms of Teachers’Educational Punishment

基于中小学生未成熟未完善的发展特质,教育惩戒是教师常用的重要且有效的育人方式之一,近年来引起了国家立法和社会舆论的重点关注。教师教育惩戒的实施包括惩戒前价值判断、惩戒中心理权衡和惩戒后效果反思三个阶段,涉及动机—手段—目的层面的多维互动。教师在实施教育惩戒时表现出的利弊权衡及实践智慧,本质是其育人动机的反映,足以解释惩戒育人的内在伦理机制。运用动机理论分析可知,教师教育惩戒育人动机的伦理规范包括:坚定而准确地向学生传达育人意图,规避利己性动机以强化利他动机,兼顾直接的近景动机与间接的远景动机,反思惩戒育人动机以避免无效及反效惩戒。

Based on the immature and imperfect characteristics of primary and middle school students,educational punishment is one of the important and effective ways for teachers to educate people,which has attracted the focus of national legislation and public opinion in recent years.The implementation of teachers’educational punishment includes three stages of value judgment before punishment,psychological balance in punishment and reflection on the effect after punishment,which involves multi-dimensional interaction among motivation,means and purpose.The benefit-risk balance and practical wisdom of teachers shown in the implementation of educational punishment are essentially the reflection of their educational motivation,which is sufficient to explain the internal ethical mechanism of educational punishment.According to the analysis of motivation theory,the ethical norms of teacher educational punishment include conveying educational intentions to students firmly and accurately,avoiding egoistic motivation to strengthen altruistic motivation,taking both direct short-term motivation and indirect long-term motivation into account and reflecting on the punishment motivation to avoid ineffective and counter-effective punishment.