科教建筑形式和布局及用地绿化对室外热环境的影响

Influence of Scientific and Educational Building Layout and Land Greening on Outdoor Thermal Environment

随着城市化建设中高校规模的扩建和热岛效应的加剧,以及科教用地室外空间活动越来越多,其室外热环境感受已成为影响高校师生人居环境质量的热点问题。既往文献大多在室外热环境对人行为模式或室外热舒适度的阈值展开研究,但针对室外热环境与科研用地空间布局影响关系的研究不足。将采用ENVI-met建模并模拟分析,比较不同科研用地的室外热环境分布差异。将其网格划分统计数据代入SPSS进行相关性分析,发现科研用地建筑形态和布局要素对室外热环境的影响按显著性排序为植被覆盖率、下垫面反射率、建筑密度,对湿度的影响按显著性排序为植被覆盖率、建筑密度、下垫面反射率。通过改变模拟运算科研教育用地对热环境的不同影响要素分析,期待对科研教育用地室外热湿环境规划和改善做出参考。

With the expansion of university scale and heat island effect in urbanization construction, as well as more and more outdoor space activities in scientific and educational land, its outdoor thermal environment perception has become a hot issue affecting the quality of the human living environment for teachers and students in universities. Most of the previous literature has researched the outdoor thermal environment on human behavior patterns or the threshold of outdoor thermal comfort. Still, there is not enough research on the relationship between the outdoor thermal environment and the spatial layout of research sites. This paper uses ENVI-met modeling and simulation analysis to compare the differences in outdoor thermal environment distribution of different research sites. The correlation analysis was performed by substituting the grid division statistics into SPSS. It was found that the influence of the external morphological elements of scientific research land on the outdoor thermal environment is ranked as follows: vegetation coverage was the highest, material reflectivity was higher than building density, and the influence on the wet environment was ranked in the following order of significance: vegetation coverage, building density, and substrate reflectivity. This study analyzes the different impacts on the thermal environment of the research and education site by changing the simulation. It expects to refer to the planning and improvement of the research and education area’s outdoor thermal and wet climate.