水生植物释放的酚酸类化感物质抑藻研究进展

Research progress on algae inhibition of phenolic acid allelochemicals released by aquatic plants

修复富营养化水体是当今社会亟待解决的重大环境问题。利用水生植物释放的化感物质抑制水华藻类的生长是一种生态安全性好的抑藻手段。酚酸类化感物质作为目前已鉴定并应用的主要化感物质之一,得到了学者广泛的关注与研究。本文归纳了不同生活型水生植物释放的酚酸种类,并从选择性抑制、单一作用与联合作用、构效关系和有效抑藻剂量等角度出发,阐述了酚酸类化感物质的抑藻特性;从生理生化的角度总结了酚酸类化感物质可能的抑藻机制,主要包括:破坏藻细胞光合系统、破坏藻细胞膜及形态结构、产生活性氧对藻细胞造成氧化损伤、抑制藻细胞蛋白质合成、导致藻细胞程序性死亡等。未来可从酚酸类化感物质在水体和生物体中的降解特性及迁移转化规律、联合作用和持续作用、高效化感抑藻剂开发和抑藻机理等方向开展深入研究。

Repairing eutrophic water bodies is a major environmental problem that needs to be solved urgently in nowadays society.Using allelochemicals released by plants to inhibit the growth of algae is an ecologically safe means of algae inhibition.Phenolic acid,as one of the main allelochemicals identified and applied at present,has been widely concerned and studied.The types of phenolic acids released by aquatic plants were summarized in this paper.The algal inhibition characteristics of phenolic acid were described from the perspectives of selective inhibition,single and combined action,structure-activity relationship,and effective algal inhibition dose.The possible algal inhibition mechanisms of phenolic acid were introduced from the perspective of physiology and biochemistry,mainly including destroying the photosynthetic system of algal cells,destroying the membrane and morphological structure of algal cells,producing reactive oxygen species,inhibiting protein synthesis of algal cells and causing programmed cell death.In the future,the degradation and migration characteristics of allelochemicals,joint and continuous action of allelochemicals,high-efficiency allelochemical development,and algal inhibition mechanism of phenolic acid can be carried out in-depth research.