上海市崇明区中学生功能性便秘筛查状况

Screening of functional constipation among adolescents in Chongming District,Shanghai

目的了解上海市崇明区中学生功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)的流行病学特征及相关因素。方法采用多级分层整群随机抽样法,于2019年3—6月对上海市崇明区18周岁以下的4969名在读初、高中生进行问卷调查。结果上海市崇明区中学生FC患病率为13.95%,不同性别、学段、城乡之间患病率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。在高中组中,临毕业年级组FC的患病率(17.36%,130/749)高于非临毕业年级组(13.77%,201/1460)(χ^(2)=5.01,P=0.03),市示范性高中组FC的患病率(18.23%,115/631)高于普通高中组(13.07%,49/375)和区示范性高中组(13.88%,167/1203)(χ^(2)=7.43,P=0.02)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,体育锻炼频率、食用辛辣食品频率高、饮食中辛辣食品占比、食用蔬菜频率、饮食中蔬菜占比、每日饮水量、是否纳差、睡眠质量、是否就读于示范型学校与中学生FC有关(OR=0.11~7.71,P值均<0.05)。结论FC为上海市崇明区中学生的常见病,好发于高中临毕业年级组,且危险因素较多。

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors for functional constipation(FC)among high school students in Chongming District of Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chongming District of Shanghai from March-June 2019.A total of 4969 adolescents under the age of 18 were recruited high schools,using a stratified random sampling technique.A validated self-administered questionnaire on Rome IV criteria for diagnosing FC and predisposing factors was filled by each student in a classroom setting.Results The prevalence of FC among middle school students in Chongming District of Shanghai was 13.95%.There were no significant differences in the prevalence between males and females,middle and high school groups,and urban and rural areas(P>0.05).In senior high schools,students in the graduation year were more likely to suffer from FC(17.36%,130/749)than other students(13.77%,201/1460)(χ^(2)=5.01,P=0.03).The prevalence of FC in the key senior high schools(18.23%,115/631)was significantly higher than that in ordinary high schools(13.07%,49/375)(χ^(2)=7.43,P=0.02).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of physical exercise,and consumption of spicy foods,proportion of spicy foods in the diet,consumption of vegetables,a lower proportion of vegetables in the diet,drinking water,anorexia,quality of sleep and school type were associated with FC in high school students(OR=0.11-7.71,P<0.05).Conclusion FC is prevalent among high school students on Chongming District of Shanghai,especially among middle school graduates,and many risk factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of FC.